Abstract
A satisfying result is difficult to achieve in the repair of a full-thickness skin defect in the facial area, including the subunits of the nose. A full-thickness skin graft, nasolabial flap, or forehead flap as a major treatment still is used despite its relative potential for secondary contracture, unmatched skin color, hypertrophic scars, and donor-site morbidity. Another option, with good wound-healing power and soft tissue regeneration without skin grafts would be helpful for initiating treatment. Adult stem cells are a useful material in tissue engineering. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), an abundant population of pluripotent cells found in the stroma of adipose tissues, have been shown to differentiate in vitro into various cell lineages. As a robust source of bioactive growth factors, ADSCs contribute to recovery from ischemic damage, and they can promote the wound-healing process as well as soft tissue regeneration. The authors have experienced several cases of facial skin defect repair using ADSCs without skin grafts. In these cases, they observed rapid coverage of the wound with the patient’s own regenerated tissue. During the treatment period, ADSC treatment showed an excellent wound-healing process in terms of quantity and quality.
Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Behr B, Ko SH, Wong VW et al (2010) Stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 126:1163–1171
Blanton MW, Hadad I, Johnstoneet BH et al (2009) Adipose stromal cells and platelet-rich plasma therapies synergistically increase revascularization during wound healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 123(Suppl):56S
Park S, Tepper OM, Galiano RD, Capla JM, Baharestani S, Kleinman ME, Pelo CR, Levine JP, Gurtner GC (2004) Selective recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to ischemic tissues with increased neovascularization. Plast Reconstr Surg 113:284–293
Trottier V, Marceau-Fortier G, Germain L et al (2008) IFATS collection: using human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells for the production of new skin substitutes. Stem Cells 26:2713–2723
Uysal AC, Mizuno H, Tobita M, Ogawa R, Hyakusoku H (2009) The effect of adipose-derived stem cells on ischemia-reperfusion injury immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evaluation. Plast Reconstr Surg 124:804–815
Hong SJ, Traktuev DO, March KL (2010) Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells in vascular growth and tissue repair. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 15:86–91
Kim WS, Park BS, Sung JH (2007) Wound healing effect of adipose-derived stem cells: a critical role of secretory factors on human dermal fibroblast. J Dermatol Sci 48:15–24
Yoshimura K, Sato K, Aoi N, Kurita M, Hirohi T, Harii K (2008) Cell-assisted lipotransfer for cosmetic breast augmentation: supportive use of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Aesthetic Plast Surg 32:48–55
Yoshimura K, Sato K, Aoi N, Kurita M, Inoue K, Suga H, Eto H, Kato H, Hirohi T, Harii K (2008) Cell-assisted lipotransfer for facial lipoatrophy: efficacy of clinical use of adipose-derived stem cells. Dermatol Surg 34:1–8
Yang H, Lee H (2011) Successful use of squeezed-fat grafts to correct a breast affected by Poland syndrome. Aesthetic Plast Surg 35:418–425
Sung HM, Suh IS (2012) Case reports of adipose-derived stem cell therapy for nasal skin necrosis after filler injection. Arch Plast Surg 39:51–54
Van RL, Bayliss CE, Roncari DA (1976) Cytological and enzymological characterization of adult human adipocyte precursors in culture. J Clin Invest 58:699–704
Gimble JM (2003) Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther 3:705–713
Puissant B, Barreau C, Bourin P, Clavel C, Corre J, Bousquet C, Taureau C, Cousin B, Abbal M, Laharrague P, Penicaud L, Casteilla L, Blancher A (2005) Immunomodulatory effect of human adipose tissue-derived adult stemcells: comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Br J Haematol 129:118–129
McIntosh K, Zvonic S, Garrett S, Mitchell JB, Floyd ZE, Hammill L, Kloster A, Di Halvorsen Y, Ting JP, Storms RW, Goh B, Kilroy G, Wu X, Gimble JM (2006) The immunogenicity of human adipose-derived cells: temporal changes in vitro. Stem Cells 24:1246–1253
Kirkland JL, Dobson DE (1997) Preadipocytes function and aging: links between age-related changes in cell dynamics and altered fat tissue function. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:959–967
Madonna R, Geng Y-J, De Caterina R (2009) Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: characterization and potential for cardiovascular repair. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 29:1723–1729
Rubio D, Garcia-Castro J, Martin MC, de la Fuente R, Cigudosa JC, Lloyd AC, Bernad A (2005) Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. Cancer Res 65:3035–3039
Parrette BM, Pribaz JJ (2009) An algorithm for treatment of nasal defects. Clin Plastic Surg 36:407–420
Ribuffo D, Serratore F, Cigna E, Sorvillo V, Guerra M, Bucher S, Scuderi N (2012) Nasal reconstruction with the two stages vs three stages forehead flap: a three centres experience over ten years. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16:866–1872
Fujiwara M (2004) One-stage reconstruction of an alar defect using a bilobed nasolabial-nasal tip flap based on the aesthetic subunits in Orientals: case report. Aesthetic Plast Surg 28:13–16
Turan A, Kul Z (2007) Reconstruction of lower half defects of the nose with the lateral nasal artery pedicle nasolabial island flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:1767–1772
Faris C, Yuyk HD (2011) Reconstruction of nasal tip and collumella. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 19:25–62
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jo, D.I., Yang, H.J., Kim, S.H. et al. Coverage of Skin Defects Without Skin Grafts Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Aesth Plast Surg 37, 1041–1051 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-013-0191-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-013-0191-4