Abstract
Background
This study aimed to delineate the anthropometric measurements of the noses of young women of an Indian population and to compare them with the published ideals and average measurements for white women.
Methods
This anthropometric survey included a volunteer sample of 100 young Indian women ages 18 to 35 years with Indian parents and no history of previous surgery or trauma to the nose. Standardized frontal, lateral, oblique, and basal photographs of the subjects’ noses were taken, and 12 standard anthropometric measurements of the nose were determined. The results were compared with published standards for North American white women. In addition, nine nasal indices were calculated and compared with the standards for North American white women.
Results
The nose of Indian women differs significantly from the white nose. All the nasal measurements for the Indian women were found to be significantly different from those for North American white women. Seven of the nine nasal indices also differed significantly.
Conclusions
Anthropometric analysis suggests differences between the Indian female nose and the North American white nose. Thus, a single aesthetic ideal is inadequate. Noses of Indian women are smaller and wider, with a less projected and rounded tip than the noses of white women. This study established the nasal anthropometric norms for nasal parameters, which will serve as a guide for cosmetic and reconstructive surgery in Indian women.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Farkas LG (1994) Anthropometry of the head and face. Raven Press, New York, NY
Farkas LG, Hrezczko TA, Kolar JC, Munro IR (1985) Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face in young adult North American Caucasians: revision of neoclassical canons. Plast Reconstr Surg 75:328–338
Farkas LG, Kolar JC, Munro IR (1986) Geography of the nose: a morphometric study. Aesthetic Plast Surg 10:191–223
Porter JP, Olson KL (2001) Anthropometric facial analysis of the African-American woman. Arch Facial Plast Surg 3:191–197
Porter JP, Olson KL (2003) Analysis of the African-American female nose. Plast Reconstr Surg 111:620–626
Ofodile FA, Bokhari FJ, Ellis C (1993) The black American nose. Ann Plast Surg 31:209–219
Ofodile FA, Bokhari FJ (1995) The African-American nose: Part II. Ann Plast Surg 34:123–129
Wang D, Qian G, Zhang M, Farkas LG (1997) Differences in horizontal, neoclassical facial canons in Chinese (Han) and North American Caucasian populations. Aesthetic Plast Surg 21:265–269
Zhang XT, Wang SK, Zhang W, Wang XF (1990) Measurement and study of the nose and face and their correlations in the young adult of Han nationality. Plast Reconstr Surg 85:532–536
Sim RSK, Smith JD, Chan ASY (2000) Comparison of the aesthetic facial proportions of southern Chinese and white women. Arch Facial Plast Surg 2:113–120
Powell N, Humphreys B (1984) Proportions of the aesthetic face. Thieme-Stratton Inc, New York, NY
Leach J (2002) Aesthetics and the Hispanic rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope 112:1903–1916
Farkas LG, Katic MJ, Forrest CR, Alt KW, Bagic I, Baltadjiev G et al (2005) International anthropometric study of facial morphology in various ethnic groups/races. J Craniofac Surg 16:615–646
Coombs AG, Sethi CS, Joshi N (2007) A standardized digital photography system with computerized analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 120:647–656
Khandekar B, Srinivasan S, Mokal N, Thatte MR (2005) Anthropometric analysis of lip-nose complex in Indian population. Indian J Plast Surg 38:128–131
Prasad NN, Reddy D (2001) Anthropometry: lip-nose complex. Indian J Plast Surg 34:3–8
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Patil, S.B., Kale, S.M., Jaiswal, S. et al. The Average Indian Female Nose. Aesth Plast Surg 35, 1036–1042 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-011-9729-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-011-9729-5