Abstract
Various techniques are being used to perform reduction mammaplasty. One of the most widely used techniques is the inferior pedicle technique. To our knowledge, there are not many studies on long-term changes in areola-to-fold distance, distribution of pedicle length, and its importance. Therefore, in this study, breast volume, suprasternal notch-to-nipple distance, and nipple-to-inframammary fold distance were analyzed and the movement range of the nipple-areola complex was determined. In addition, the degree of benefit derived from the technique and the degree of long-term ptosis were investigated.
The desired transposition of the nipple can be achieved by the inferior pedicle technique. The most serious complication of reduction mammaplasty is impairment of the blood supply to the nipple. However, the inferior pedicle technique has a slight possibility of causing the above complications. The most important criterion in deciding whether to perform free nipple technique or inferior pedicle technique is the pedicle length. This is a detailed study on the pedicle length and its statistical analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boschert MT, Barone CM, Puckett CL: Outcome analysis of reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:451–454, 1996
Adams Jr WP, Shewmake KB: Reduction mammaplasty and mastopexy. Selected Readings in Plast Surg 29:8–16, 1998
Aufricht G: Mammoplasty for pendulous breasts. Plast Reconstr Surg 4:13, 1949
Ribeiro L: A new technique for reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 55:330, 1975
Robbins TH: A reduction mammaplasty with the areolanipple based on a inferior dermal pedicle. Plast Reconstr Surg 59:64, 1977
Courtiss EH, Goldwyn RM: Reduction mammaplasty by the inferior pedicle technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 59:500, 1977
Georgiade NG, Georgiade GS: Reduction mammaplasty utilizing an inferior pedicle nipple-areolar flap. Ann Plast Surg 3:211, 1979
Skoog T: A technique of breast reduction: transposition of the nipple on a cutaneous vascular pedicle. Acta Chir Scandinav 126:453, 1963
Weiner DL: A single dermal pedicle for nipple transposition in subcutaneous mastectomy, reduction mammaplasty, or mastopexy. Plast Reconst Surg 51:115, 1973
Strömbeck O: Reduction mammaplasty. Surg Clin North Am 51:453, 1973
McKissock PK: Reduction mammaplasty with a vertical dermal flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 49:245, 1952
Georgiade NG, Georgiade GS, Riefkohl RE: Esthetic surgery of the breast. W.B. Saunders Company, 1990
Hang-Fu L: Subjective comparison of six different reduction mammaplasty procedures. Aesth Plast Surg 15:297–302, 1991
Jackson IA, Bayramiçli M, Gupta M: Importance of the pedicle length measurement in reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconst Surg 104:398–400, 1999
Crapeau R, Klein H: Reduction mammaplasty with inferiorly based glandular pedicled flap. Ann Plast Surg 9:463, 1982
Hawtof DB, Levine M, Kapetansky DI, Pieper D: Complications of reduction mammaplasty: comparison of nipple-areolar graft and pedicle. Ann Plast Surg 23:13–20, 1989
Georgiade GS, Riefkohl RE, Georgiade NG: The inferior dermal-pyramidal type breast reduction: long-term evaluation. Ann Plast Surg 23:3–10, 1989
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Erdogğan, B., Ayhan, M., Deren, O. et al. Importance of Pedicle Length in Inferior Pedicle Technique and Long-Term Outcome of Areola-to-Fold Distance. Aesth. Plast. Surg. 26, 436–443 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-001-0036-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-001-0036-4