This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Bharj N, Hegarty P (2015) A postcolonial feminist critique of harem analogies in psychological science. J Soc Polit Psychol 3:257–275. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.133
Boomsma JJ (2009) Lifetime monogamy and the evolution of eusociality. Philos Trans R Soc B 364:3191–3207. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0101
Boomsma JJ, Baer B, Heinze J (2005) The evolution of male traits in social insects. Annu Rev Entomol 50:395–420. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130416
Cremer S, Sledge M, Heinze J (2002) Chemical mimicry: male ants disguised by the queen’s bouquet. Nature 419:897. https://doi.org/10.1038/419897a
Emlen ST, Oring LW (1977) Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systems. Science 197:215–223. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1744497. Accessed 15 June 2019
Frohschammer S, Heinze J (2009) Male fighting and “territoriality” within colonies of the ant Cardiocondyla venustula. Naturwissenschaften 96:159–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0460-2
Griffin MJ, Holwell GL, Symonds MRE (2019) Insect harem polygyny: when is a harem not a harem? Behav Ecol Sociobiol 73:40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2652-5
Heinze J (2016) The male has done his work - the male may go. Curr Op Insect Sci 16:22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.005
Heinze J (2017) Life-history evolution in ants: the case of Cardiocondyla. Proc R Soc B 284:20161406. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1406
Heinze J, Hölldobler B (1993) Fighting for a harem of queens: physiology of reproduction in Cardiocondyla male ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:8412–8414. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.18.8412
Heinze J, Kühnholz S, Schilder K, Hölldobler B (1993) Behavior of ergatoid males in the ant, Cardiocondyla nuda. Insect Soc 40:273–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01242363
Heinze J, Hölldobler B, Yamauchi K (1998) Male competition in Cardiocondyla ants. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 42:239–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650050435
Heinze J, Cremer S, Eckl N, Schrempf A (2006) Stealthy invaders: the biology of Cardiocondyla tramp ants. Insect Soc 53:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-005-0847-4
Heinze J, Seifert B, Zieschank V (2016) Massacre of the innocents in Cardiocondyla thoracica: manipulation by adult ant males incites workers to kill their immature rivals. Entomol Sci 19:239–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12194
Hölldobler B, Bartz SH (1985) Sociobiology of reproduction in ants. In: Hölldobler B, Lindauer M (eds) Experimental behavioral ecology and sociobiology. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 237–257
Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1990) The ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Kinomura K, Yamauchi K (1987) Fighting and mating behaviors of dimorphic males in the ant Cardiocondyla wroughtoni. J Ethol 5:75–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02347897
Klein AM, Schrader L, Gil R, Manzano A, Flórez L, Wheeler D, Latorre A, Heinze J, Kaltenpoth M, Moya A, Oettler J (2016) A novel intracellular mutualistic bacterium in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. ISME J 10:376–388. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.119
Kugler J (1983) The males of Cardiocondyla Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with the description of the winged male of Cardiocondyla wroughtoni (Forel). Isr J Entomol 17:1–21
Lenoir J-C, Schrempf A, Lenoir A, Heinze J, Mercier J-L (2007) Genetic structure and reproductive strategy of the ant Cardiocondyla elegans:strictly monogynous nests invaded by unrelated sexuals. Mol Ecol 16:345–354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03156.x
Metzler S, Schrempf A, Heinze J (2018) Individual- and ejaculate-specific sperm traits in ant males. J Insect Physiol 107:284–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.12.003
Oettler J, Schrempf A (2016) Fitness and aging in Cardiocondyla obscurior ant queens. Curr Op Insect Sci 16:58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.010
Oettler J, Suefuji M, Heinze J (2010) The evolution of alternative reproductive tactics in male Cardiocondyla ants. Evolution 64:3310–3317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01090.x
Rowell TE (1987) On the significance of the concept of the harem when applied to animals. Soc Sci Inf 23:649–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901887026003010
Schmidt CV, Heinze J (2018) Genital morphology of winged and wingless males in the ant genus Cardiocondyla (Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Insect Syst Evol 49:59–80. https://doi.org/10.1163/1876312X-48022163
Schmidt CV, Frohschammer S, Schrempf A, Heinze J (2014) Virgin ant queens mate with their own sons to avoid failure at colony foundation. Naturwissenschaften 101:69–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-013-1126-2
Schmidt CV, Trindl A, Schrempf A, Heinze J (2016) Microsatellite markers for the tramp ant Cardiocondyla obscurior (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). J Genet 95:e1–e4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041-016-0613-6
Schrader L, Simola DF, Heinze J, Oettler J (2015) Sphingolipids, transcription factors, and conserved toolkit genes: developmental plasticity in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. Mol Biol Evol 32:1774–1786. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv039
Schrader L, Helanterä H, Oettler J (2016) Accelerated evolution of developmentally biased genes in the tetraphenic ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. Mol Biol Evol 34:535–544. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw240
Schrempf A, Aron S, Heinze J (2006) Sexdetermination and inbreeding depression in an ant with regular sib-mating. Heredity 97:75–80 0.1038/sj.hdy.6800846
Schrempf A, Reber C, Tinaut A, Heinze J (2005) Inbreeding and local mate competition in the ant Cardiocondyla batesii. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 57:502–510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0869-3
Seifert B (2002) The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. Ann Naturhist Mus Wien 104B:203–338. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41767253. Accessed 15 June 2019
Shuster SM, Wade MJ (2003) Mating systems and strategies. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Stuart RJ, Francoeur A, Loiselle R (1987) Lethal fighting among dimorphic males of the ant, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii. Naturwissenschaften 74:548–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00367076
Wetterer JK, Espadaler X, Ashmole P (2007) Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the South Atlantic islands of Ascension Island, St Helena, and Tristan da Cunha. Myrmecol News 10:29–37
Yamauchi K, Kawase N (1992) Pheromonal manipulation of workers by a fighting male to kill his rival males in the ant Cardiocondyla. Naturwissenschaften 79:274–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01175395
Yamauchi K, Ishida Y, Hashim R, Heinze J (2006) Queen-queen competition by precocious male production in multi-queen ant colonies. Curr Biol 16:2424–2427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.007
Acknowledgments
Research on Cardiocondyla has for many years been supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (He1623).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by J. C. Choe
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heinze, J., Hölldobler, B. Insect harem polygyny—the case of Cardiocondyla ants: a comment on Griffin et al. (2019). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 73, 99 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2718-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2718-4