Abstract
Purpose
Humans differ from other great ape species in their propensity to develop tears of the rotator cuff. The aim of this study was to compare the anatomical risk factors for subacromial impingement and rotator cuff tears amongst the great apes and to determine which features may be accentuated in humans and therefore play a more significant role in disease aetiology.
Methods
Orthogonal digital photographs of 22 human, 17 gorilla, 13 chimpanzee and 12 orangutan dry bone scapula specimens oriented in the glenoid plane were taken. Anatomical measurements were preformed using a calibrated digital image technique and the results scaled according to scapula vertebral border length.
Results
Of the ten anatomical features associated with subacromial impingement and rotator cuff tears in humans, none were shown to be accentuated and significantly different to the other species studied. However the human supraspinatus fossa was shown to be significantly smaller.
Conclusions
These results indicate that an alternative primary aetiological factor for rotator cuff tears must exist. A reduction in the size of the supraspinatus fossa in human scapulae suggests that structural insufficiency of the supraspinatus or a change in rotator cuff force vectors could play a role.
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Acknowledgments
Mr Roberto Portela Miguez — Curator of the mammal collections of the Natural History Museum of London. All primate scapula images © Natural History Museum, London.
Dr Matthew Szarko — Academic Director and Lecturer in Anatomy, St. George’s University of London.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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Craik, J.D., Mallina, R., Ramasamy, V. et al. Human evolution and tears of the rotator cuff. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 38, 547–552 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2204-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2204-y