Abstract
Static magnetic fields are a type of electromagnetic fields used in clinical practice. To ascertain what effect a static magnetic intramedullary device implanted in the rabbit femur had on fracture healing, 20 male New Zealand white rabbits with magnetic/nonmagnetic intramedullary implants were examined histologically, radiologically and for bone mineral density. Three groups were constituted according to the poles of the magnets. During surgery the intramedullary device was driven into the medulla. A femoral osteotomy was created with a mini Gigli wire at the centre point of the rod. Radiographs were obtained at the second and fourth weeks. Histological examination and bone mineral density were evaluated at the fourth week. The results of this study verified that an intramedullary implant with a static magnetic field improves bone healing in the first two weeks radiologically and that the configuration difference in magnetic poles has an effect on bone quality. Static magnetic fields have minor effects on bone mineral density values.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Basset CAL, Mitchell SN, Gaston SR (1981) Treatment of ununited tibial diaphyseal fractures with pulsing electromagnetic fields. J Bone Joint Surg 63:511–523
Basset CAL, Mitchell SN, Hernandez E (1982) Modification of fracture repair with selected pulsing electromagnetic fields. J Bone Joint Surg 64(A):888–895
Bassett CAL (1993) Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields. J Cell Biochem 51:387–393
Brighton CT, Friedenberg ZB, Mitchell EI, Booth RE (1977) Treatment of nonunion with constant direct current. Clin Orthop 124:106–123
Brighton CT, Solomon R, Pollack SR (1985) Treatment of recalcitrant non-union with a capacitatively coupled electrical field. J Bone Joint Surg Am 67:577–585
Bruce GK, Howlett CR, Huckstep RL (1987) Effect of a static magnetic field on fracture healing in rabbit radius: preliminary results. Clin Orthop Relat Res 222:300–306
Cebrian J, Gallego P, Frances A, Sanches P, Manrique E, Marco F, Lopez- Duran L. Comparative study of the use of electromagnetic fields in patients with pseudoarthrosis of tibia treated by intramedullary nailing. Int Orthop. doi:10.1007/s00264-009-0806-1
Cullum ID, Ell PJ, Ryder JP (1989) X-ray dual-photon absorptiometry. Br J Radiol 62:587–592
Darendeliler MA, Sinclair PM, Kusy RP (1995) The effects of samarium cobalt magnets and pulsed electromagnetic fields on tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 107:578–588
De Haas WG, Lazarovici MA, Morrison DM (1979) The effect of low frequency magnetic fields on the healing of the osteotomized rabbit radius. Clin Orthop Relat Res 145:245–251
Gossling HR, Bernstein RA, Abbott J (1992) Treatment of ununited tibial fractures: a comparison of surgery and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF). Orthopedics 15:711–719
Hinsenkamp M, Bourgois R, Basset CAL, Chiabrera A, Burny F, Ryaby J (1978) Electromagnetic stimulation of fracture repair. Influence on healing of fresh fractures. Acta Orthop Belg 44:671–698
Holzer G, Majeska RJ, Lundy MW, Hartke JR, Einhorn TA (1999) Parathyroid hormone enhances fracture healing. A preliminary report. Clin Orthop 366:258–263
Huang HM, Lee S-Y, Yao W-C et al (2006) Static magnetic fields up-regulate osteoblast maturity by affecting local differentiation factors. Clin Orthop Relat Res 447:201–208
Kotani H, Kawaguchi H, Shimoaka T et al (2002) Strong static magnetic stimulates bone formation to a definite orientation in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 17:1814–1821
Marino AA, Cullen JM, Reichmanis M, Becker RO (1979) Fracture healing in rats exposed to extremely low- frequency electric fields. Clin Orthop Relat Res 145:239–244
McLeod KJ, Rubin CT (1992) The effect of low-frequency electrical fields on osteogenesis. J Bone Joint Surg 74:920–929
Parkinson WC (1985) Comments on the use of electromagnetic fields in biological studies. Calcif Tissue Int 37:198–207
Riley MA, Walmsley AD, Harris IR (2001) Magnets in prosthetic dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 86:137–142
Sharrard WJW, Sutcliffe ML, Robson MJ, Maceachern AG (1982) The treatment of fibrous non-union of fractures by pulsing electromagnetic stimulation. J Bone and Joint Surg 64B(2):189–193
Tiedeman JJ, Lippiello L, Connolly J, Strates BS (1990) Quantitative roentogenographic densitometry for assessing fracture healing. Clin Orthop 279–286
Turner CH, Burr DB (1993) Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial. Bone 14:595–608
Yan QC, Tomita N, Ikada Y (1998) Effects of static magnetic field on bone formation of rat femurs. Med Eng Phys 20:397–402
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aydin, N., Bezer, M. The effect of an intramedullary implant with a static magnetic field on the healing of the osteotomised rabbit femur. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 35, 135–141 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0932-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0932-9