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Three-dimensional stress analysis of threaded cups – a finite element analysis

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Abstract

A three-dimensional model of the left acetabulum with inserted threaded cup has been generated, based on the finite element method, to calculate stress patterns in the standing phase during walking. In this study, a hemispherical cup with sharp threads, a parabolic cup with flat threads and a conical cup with sharp threads were analysed and compared. Stress patterns in both implant components and adjacent bony structures were calculated in a directly postoperative situation. The different cups were found to induce different stress patterns, deformations and shifting tendencies. The inlays deform notably and show characteristic rotational movement patterns together with the shell. The inclination angle increases in the hemispherical cup and decreases in the parabolic cup. The conical cup levers outward almost parallel to the bone stock by approximately 0.05 mm. The pole surfaces of the various cups – especially the very convex area next to the threads – induce increased compressive stress in the superior section of the acetabular base. This is increased by a factor of three in the conical cup in comparison to the hemispherical cup and less so in comparison to the parabolic cup. This study illustrates that three-dimensional stress calculations are suitable for procuring additional biomechanical information to augment clinical studies, for evaluating implants and for establishing stability prognoses, especially for newly developed prototypes.

Résumé

Une étude basée sur les éléments finis à partir d’un modèle tridimensionnel d’une hanche gauche a permis de calculer les contraintes générées sur une cupule vissée durant la marche. Pour cette étude, deux cupules différentes ont été analysées, une cupule hémisphérique vissée et une cupule vissée de type conique. Ces différentes cupules entraînent des contraintes différentes. L’angle d’inclinaison augmente dans les cupules hémisphériques et diminue dans les cupules de type parabolique conique. Le bras de levier des cupules de forme conique est pratiquement parallèle à 0,05 mm près au stock osseux. Le contact polaire supérieur de ces différentes cupules entraîne, notamment dans les zones les plus convexes des spires, des augmentations de contraintes au niveau de la partie supérieure de l’acétabulum. Ce phénomène est multiplié par trois dans les cupules coniques en comparaison aux cupules hémisphériques. L’étude tridimensionnelle de ces cupules est fiable, donnant des informations biomécaniques supplémentaires pour les études cliniques, pour l’évaluation des implants et permet de faire un pronostic sur la stabilité de ceux-ci, notamment lorsque l’on développe un nouveau prototype.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the staff of the Electronic Data Processing Center of the Ruhr University, Bochum for mainframe calculations, also Prof. Dr.-Ing. Welp at the Institute for Construction Technique for donating software and additional computer and printer capacity, also engineers Dr. Ing. Weiss and Dipl. Ing. Wittenschläger for their effective support.

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Correspondence to H. Effenberger.

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Witzel, U., Rieger, W. & Effenberger, H. Three-dimensional stress analysis of threaded cups – a finite element analysis. International Orthopaedics (SICO 32, 195–201 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0308-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0308-3

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