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Lumbar hyperlordosis of neuromuscular origin: pathophysiology and surgical strategy for correction

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Abstract

Lumbar hyperlordosis of neuromuscular origin is rare and requires surgical treatment in order to preserve a good sitting posture. We report twenty-seven cases of a preponderantly sagittal hyperlordosis deformity of the lumbar spine in patients with neuromuscular disorders and identify the indications and results of treatment.

Seventeen males and ten females, aged 13 to 27 years, underwent operations for a lumbar hyperlordosis of neuromuscular origin responsible for major difficulties in sitting. In all patients, the sacrum was horizontal and associated in twenty-six cases with marked pelvic anteversion. Eleven patients were treated surgically by a posterior approach. The sixteen remaining patients had a preliminary discectomy, followed by posterior correction and fusion. Lumbar hyperlordosis was reduced from 8° to 77° between L1 and S1. The horizontal sacrum was partially reduced with an improvement from 8° to 50°. Consequently, patients recovered a comfortable sitting position. One patient died of respiratory complications six weeks after surgery.

Surgical correction is a demanding procedure which can be performed by a posterior approach. It is mandatory to analyse the spino-pelvic balance to avoid iliac retroversion and the loss of the role of the ischia in the sitting position.

Résumé

L’hyperlordose lombaire d’origine neuro musculaire est rare et nécessite un traitement chirurgical afin de conserver une bonne station assise. Nous rapportons 27 cas de déformation sagittale avec hyperlordose chez des patients présentant des troubles neuro musculaires afin de déterminer les indications et les résultats de ces traitements. 17 patients étaient de sexe masculin et 10 de sexe féminin avec un âge s’échelonnant de 13 à 27 ans, tous opérés pour une hyperlordose lombaire d’origine neuro musculaire avec difficulté dans la position assise. Chez tous les patients le sacrum était horizontalisé et associé dans 26 cas sur 27 une antéversion pelvienne très marquée.11 patients ont été traitées par voie postérieure simple, les 16 restant ont été traités par voie postérieure avec correction et greffe après une discectomie préliminaire. L’hyperlordose lombaire a été réduite à 77° entre L1 et S1. L’horizontalisation du sacrum a été améliorée de façon partielle de 8 à 50°. Tous les patients ont retrouvé une position assise confortable, 1 patient est décédé de complications respiratoires six mois après la chirurgie. Le traitement chirurgical de ces déformations postérieures peut être réalisé par abord postérieur. Il est nécessaire d’analyser en pré-opératoire la balance rachidienne et pelvienne afin d’éviter une rétroversion iliaque et une perte du rôle de l’ischion dans la position assise.

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Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by Dr. Carl Stanitski in the preparation of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Raphaël Vialle.

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Vialle, R., Khouri, N., Glorion, C. et al. Lumbar hyperlordosis of neuromuscular origin: pathophysiology and surgical strategy for correction. International Orthopaedics (SICO 31, 513–523 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0218-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0218-4

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