Skip to main content
Log in

Management of grade III supracondylar fracture of the humerus by straight-arm lateral traction

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Orthopaedics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus is a common upper limb fracture in children for which treatment is controversial and often technically difficult, and complications are common. Cubitus varus is the most prevalent complication encountered in such fractures, with a mean incidence rate of 30%. A variety of methods for treating displaced fractures have been recommended. We reviewed 20 cases of severely displaced grade III supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. There was marked swelling and distorted local anatomy in all these fractures, which were managed conservatively with straight-arm lateral traction. The patients were treated in skin traction for 2 weeks, following which they commenced physiotherapy. The traction was applied with the arm at 90° of abduction and the forearm in supination. None of the patients developed any complication, and all had the full range of movements. None had cubitus varus deformity, and none of these patients required further surgical treatment. There was a complete patient and parent satisfaction. Open or closed reduction with internal fixation is the most common method of treating these injuries, however in some cases this can be very difficult and dangerous. If the local anatomy and swelling do not allow this treatment then non-operative measures have to be adopted. We conclude that straight-arm lateral traction is a safe and effective method of treating these fractures, especially when the local anatomy is disturbed and the swelling makes operative intervention relatively more risky and difficult. Moreover, this method is also appropriate in areas where access to specialised centres in treating these injuries is either difficult or delayed.

Résumé

La fracture supracondylienne de l’extrémité inférieure de l’humérus est une fracture fréquente chez l’enfant, le traitement est assez controversé et la technique chirurgicale souvent difficile. Les complications sont habituelles avec le cubitus varus le plus fréquemment (30%). De nombreuses méthodes de traitement pour les fractures déplacées ont été recommandées. Nous avons revu 20 cas de fractures supracondyliennes de l’extrémité inférieure de l’humérus de grade III de l’enfant. Ces fractures ont été traitées de façon orthopédique par traction latérale cutanée pendant deux semaines. La rééducation a ensuite été commencée. La traction a été mise en place avec le bras à 90° d’abduction et l’avant bras en supination. Aucun de ces patients n’a développé de complications. Tous ont gardé une mobilité complète. Aucun ne présente un cubitus varus et aucun n’a nécessité d’être réopéré. Il s’agit de résultats satisfaisants absolument parfaits pour les parents et les patients. La réduction ouverte ou fermée avec fixation interne est la méthode la plus habituelle de traitement de ces traumatismes. Dans certains cas ceux-ci peuvent être difficiles ou dangereux, néanmoins les lésions anatomiques et les déplacements ne peuvent pas toujours permettre les mêmes traitements. Le traitement orthopédique peut alors être pratiqué. Le traitement par traction latérale du bras est un traitement sûr d’autant plus que la fracture est déplacée et que le traitement chirurgical peut se révéler risqué. De plus, cette technique peut être adoptée dans des centres moins spécialisés, dans le traitement de ces traumatismes où qui ont des difficultés à réaliser ce traitement de façon immédiate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Badhe NP, Howard PW (1998) Olecranon screw traction for displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Injury 29:457–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Battaglia TC, Armstrong DG, Schwend RM (2002) Factors affecting forearm compartment pressures in children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus. J Pediatr Orthop 22:431–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Campbell CC, Waters PM, Emans JB, Kasser JR, Millis MB (1995) Neurovascular injury and displacement in type III supracondylar humerus fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 15:47–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen RS, Liu CB, Lin XS, Feng XM, Zhu JM, Ye FQ (2001) Supracondylar extension fracture of the humerus in children. Manipulative reduction, immobilization and fixation using a U-shaped plaster slab with elbow in full extension. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83B:883–887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cheng JC, Ng BK, Ying SY, Lam PK (1999) A 10-year study of the changes in the pattern and treatment of 6,493 fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 19:344–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Devnani AS (2000) Gradual reduction of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children reporting late with a swollen elbow. Singapore Med J 41:423–424

    Google Scholar 

  7. Dormans JP, Squillante R, Sharf H (1995) Acute neurovascular complications with supracondylar humerus fractures in children. J Hand Surg Am 20:1–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dunlop J (1939) Transcondylar fracture of humerus in childhood. J Bone Joint Surg Am 21A:59–73

    Google Scholar 

  9. Furrer M, Mark G, Ruedi T (1991) Management of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Injury 22:259–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gartland JJ (1959) Management of supracondylar fracture of humerus in children. Surg Gynecol Obstet 109:145–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gurkan I, Bayrakci K, Tasbas B, Dagler B, Gunel U, Ucaner A (2002) Posterior instability of the shoulder after supracondylar fractures recovered with cubitis varus deformity. J Pediatr Orthop 22:198–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Houshian S, Mehdi B, Larsen MS (2001) The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children: analysis of 355 fractures, with special reference to supracondylar humeral fractures. J Orthop Sci 6:312–315

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jefferiss CD (1997) Straight lateral traction’ in selected supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Injury 8:213–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Mazda K, Boggione C, Fitoussi F, Pennicot GF (2001) Systematic pinning of displaced extension – type supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. A prospective study of 116 consecutive patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83B:888–893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mills MB, Singer IJ, Hall JE (1984) Supracondylar fracture of humerus in children: further experience with a study in orthopaedic decision making. Clinic Orthop 188:90–97

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mohammed S, Rymaszewski LA (1995) Supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus in children. Injury 26:487–489

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. O’ Hara LJ, Barlow JW, Clarke NMP (2000) Displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Audit changes practice. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82B:204–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Palmer E, Niemann KMW, Vesely D, Armstrong JH (1978) Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 60A:653–656

    Google Scholar 

  19. Piggot J, Graham HK, McCoy GF (1986) Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Treatment by straight lateral traction. J Bone Joint Surg Br 68B:577–583

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Z. Sadiq.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sadiq, M.Z., Syed, T. & Travlos, J. Management of grade III supracondylar fracture of the humerus by straight-arm lateral traction. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 31, 155–158 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0168-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-006-0168-x

Keywords

Navigation