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Reciprocal effects of Th1 and Treg cell inducing pathogen-associated immunomodulatory molecules on anti-tumor immunity

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Abstract

We have addressed the hypothesis that pathogen-associated immunomodulatory molecules may influence anti-tumor immunity through their pro- and anti-inflammatory activities and abilities to induce effector and regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found that CpG oligonucleotides (CpG) and cholera toxin (CT), which promote Th1 or Th2/Treg cell biased responses, respectively, had differential effects on tumor growth. Therapeutic peritumoral administration of CpG significantly reduced subcutaneous tumor growth and prolonged survival, whereas CT enhanced tumor growth and reduced survival. Peritumoral administration of CpG enhanced the frequency of IFN-γ-secreting and reduced IL-10-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, in the tumor and in the draining lymph nodes, whereas, CT significantly enhanced the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, but reduced IFN-γ-secreting T cells infiltrating the tumor. In contrast to the beneficial effect of CpG in mice with subcutaneous tumors, CpG or CT had no protective effect against tumor growth in the lungs when given therapeutically by the nasal route. However, prophylactic intranasal administration of CpG significantly reduced the number of lung metastases and this was associated with an enhanced frequency of IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in the draining lymph node and enhanced tumor-specific CTL responses. Our findings demonstrate that pathogen-associated molecules can either inhibit or enhance anti-tumor immunity by selectively promoting the induction of effector or regulatory T cells, and that the environment of the growing tumor influences the protective effect.

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Abbreviations

Treg :

Regulatory T (cell)

CpG :

CpG oligonucleotide

CT :

Cholera toxin

TLR :

Toll-like receptor

DC :

Dendritic cell

p.t. :

Peritumoral

s.c. :

Subcutaneous

i.n. :

Intranasal

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a Science Foundation Ireland Principal Investigator Award (no. 00/PI.I/B045 to K.H.G. Mills).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

    Joanne Lysaght, Andrew G. Jarnicki & Kingston H. G. Mills

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  1. Joanne Lysaght
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  2. Andrew G. Jarnicki
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  3. Kingston H. G. Mills
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Correspondence to Kingston H. G. Mills.

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Joanne Lysaght and Andrew G. Jarnicki contributed equally.

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Lysaght, J., Jarnicki, A.G. & Mills, K.H.G. Reciprocal effects of Th1 and Treg cell inducing pathogen-associated immunomodulatory molecules on anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Immunother 56, 1367–1379 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-007-0288-1

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