Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The identification of human tumour antigens: current status and future developments

  • Symposium Paper
  • Published:
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The biggest challenge facing us today in cancer control and prevention is the identification of novel biomarkers for detection and improved therapeutic interventions to reduce mortality and morbidity rates. Biomarkers are important indicators to inform us of the physiological state of the cell at a specific time. It is now clear that malignant transformation occurs by changes in cellular DNA and protein expression with subsequent clonal proliferation of the altered cells. The affected genes and their expressed protein products or biomarkers are those involved in the normal growth and maintenance of the cancerous cells. These biomarkers could prove pivotal for the identification of early cancer and people at risk of developing cancer. Altered proteins or changes in gene expression in malignant cells may lead to the expression of tumour antigens recognised by host immune system. In this review we discuss current research into the molecular technologies making possible the global genomic-wide analysis of changes in DNA (genotyping), RNA expression (transcriptomics) and protein expression (proteomics) that have accelerated the rate of new biomarker/tumour antigen discovery. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of cancer an approach that harmoniously integrates the various ‘omic’ platforms are key to unraveling the complexity ‘needle-in-a-haystack’ quality of biomarker/tumour antigen discovery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tureci O, Sahin U, Schobert I, Koslowski M, Scmitt H, Schild HJ, Stenner F, Seitz G, Rammensee HG, Pfreundschuh M (1996) The SSX-2 gene, which is involved in the t(X;18) translocation of synovial sarcomas, codes for the human tumor antigen HOM-MEL-40. Cancer Res 56:4766–4772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jager D, Stockert E, Scanlan MJ, Gure AO, Jager E, Knuth A, Old LJ, Chen YT (1999) Cancer-testis antigens and ING1 tumor suppressor gene product are breast cancer antigens: characterization of tissue-specific ING1 transcripts and a homologue gene. Cancer Res 59:6197–6204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Brass N, Heckel D, Sahin U, Pfreundschuh M, Sybrecht GW, Meese E (1997) Translation initiation factor eIF-4gamma is encoded by an amplified gene and induces an immune response in squamous cell lung carcinoma. Hum Mol Genet 6:33–39

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Tureci O, Sahin U, Vollmar E, Siemer S, Gottert E, Seitz G, Parkkila AK, Shah GN, Grubb JH, Preundschuh M (1998) Human carbonic anhydrase XII: cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a carbonic anhydrase gene that is overexpressed in some renal cell cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:7608–7612

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Eastham JA, Stapleton AM, Gousse AE, Timme TL, Yang G, Slawin KM, Wheeler TM, Scardino PT, Thompson TC (1995) Association of p53 mutations with metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 1:1111–1118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Scanlan MJ, Chen YT, Williamson B, Gure AO, Stockert E, Gordan JD, Tureci O, Sahin U, Pfreundschuh M, Old LJ (1998) Characterization of human colon cancer antigens recognized by autologous antibodies. Int J Cancer 76:652–658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tureci O, Sahin U, Pfreundschuh M (1997) Serological analysis of human tumor antigens: molecular definition and implications. Mol Med Today 3:342–349

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Schut IC, Waterfall PM, Ross M, O’Sullivan C, Miller WR, Habib FK, Bayne CW (2003) MUC1 expression, splice variant and short form transcription (MUC1/Z, MUC1/Y) in prostate cell lines and tissue. BJU Int 91:278–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Old LJ, Chen YT (1998) New paths in human cancer serology. J Exp Med 187:1163–1167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Scorilas A, Chiang PM, Katsaros D, Yousef GM, Diamandis EP (2003) Molecular characterization of a new gene, CEAL1, encoding for a carcinoembryonic antigen-like protein with a highly conserved domain of eukaryotic translation initiation factors. Gene 310:79–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Pane F, Intrieri M, Quintarelli C, Izzo B, Muccioli GC, Salvatore F (2002) BCR/ABL genes and leukemic phenotype: from molecular mechanisms to clinical correlations. Oncogene 21:8652–8667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zendman AJ, Cornelissen IM, Weidle UH, Ruiter DJ, van Muijen GN (1999) CTp11, a novel member of the family of human cancer/testis antigens. Cancer Res 59:6223–6229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. van der Bruggen P, Traversari C, Chomez P, Lurquin C, De Plaen E, Van den Eynde B, Knuth A, Boon T (1991) A gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. Science 254:1643–1647

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Tureci O, Sahin U, Zwick C, Koslowski M, Seitz G, Pfreundschuh M (1998) Identification of a meiosis-specific protein as a member of the class of cancer/testis antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:5211–5216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ono T, Kurashige T, Harada N, Noguchi Y, Saika T, Niikawa N, Aoe M, Nakamura S, Higashi T, Hiraki A (2001) Identification of proacrosin binding protein sp32 precursor as a human cancer/testis antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:3282–3287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen YT, Scanlan MJ, Sahin U, Tureci O, Gure AO, Tsang S, Williamson B, Stockert E, Pfreundschuh M, Old LJ (1997) A testicular antigen aberrantly expressed in human cancers detected by autologous antibody screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:1914–1918

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen G, Zhang W, Cao X, Li F, Liu X, Yao L (2005) Serological identification of immunogenic antigens in acute monocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 29:503–509

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Guinn BA, Bland EA, Lodi U, Liggins AP, Tobal K, Petters S, Wells JW, Banham AH, Mufti GJ (2005) Humoral detection of leukaemia-associated antigens in presentation acute myeloid leukaemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 335:1293–1304

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Line A, Slucka Z, Stengrevics A, Li G, Rees RC (2002) Altered splicing pattern of TACC1 mRNA in gastric cancer. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 139:78–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Line A, Stengrevics A, Slucka Z, Li G, Jankevics E, Rees RC (2002) Serological identification and expression analysis of gastric cancer-associated genes. Br J Cancer 86:1824–1830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Line A, Slucka Z, Stengrevics A, Silina K, Li G, Rees RC (2002) Characterisation of tumour-associated antigens in colon cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 51:574–582

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Obata Y, T TA, Tamaki H, Tominaga S, Murai H, Iwase T, Iwata H, Mizutani M, Chen YT, Old LJ (1999) Identification of cancer antigens in breast cancer by the SEREX expression cloning method. Breast Cancer 6:305–311

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Dunphy EJ, McNeel DG (2005) Antigen-specific IgG elicited in subjects with prostate cancer treated with flt3 ligand. J Immunother 28:268–275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhou Y, Toth M, Hamman MS, Monahan SJ, Lodge PA, Boynton AL, Salgaller ML (2002) Serological cloning of PARIS-1: a new TBC domain-containing, immunogenic tumor antigen from a prostate cancer cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 290:830–838

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Scanlan MJ, Gordan JD, Williamson B, Stockert E, Bander NH, Jongeneel V, Gure AO, Jager D, Jager E, Knuth A (1999) Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 83:456–464

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Shi YY, Wang HC, Yin YH, Sun WS, Li Y, Zhang CQ, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen WF (2005) Identification and analysis of tumour-associated antigens in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 92:929–934

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Monji M, Senju S, Nakatsura T, Yamada K, Sawatsubashi M, Inokuchi A, Nishimura Y (2002) Head and neck cancer antigens recognized by the humoral immune system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294:734–741

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Struss AK, Romeike BF, Munnia A, Nastainczyk W, Steudel WI, Konig J, Ohgaki H, Feiden W, Fischer U, Meese E (2001) PHF3-specific antibody responses in over 60% of patients with glioblastoma multiforme. Oncogene 20:4107–4114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Shimada H, Nakashima K, Ochiai T, Nabeya Y, Takiguchi M, Nomura F, Hiwasa T (2005) Serological identification of tumor antigens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 26:77–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Liu HY, Peng LP, Ran YL, Zhang LZ, Zhang DC, Zhu YK, Yang ZH (2002) Screening and identification of human lung cancer-related antigens. Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai) 34:171–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Osterlund C, Tohonen V, Forslund KO, Nordqvist K (2000) Mage-b4, a novel melanoma antigen (MAGE) gene specifically expressed during germ cell differentiation. Cancer Res 60:1054–1061

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Scanlan MJ, Simpson AJ, Old LJ (2004) The cancer/testis genes: review, standardization, and commentary. Cancer Immun 4:1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Li G, Miles A, Line A, Rees RC (2004) Identification of tumour antigens by serological analysis of cDNA expression cloning. Cancer Immunol Immunother 53:139–143

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. De Plaen E, Arden K, Traversari C, Gaforio JJ, Szikora JP, De Smet C, Brasseur F, van der Bruggen P, Lethe B, Lurquin C (1994) Structure, chromosomal localization, and expression of 12 genes of the MAGE family. Immunogenetics 40:360–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Coulie P (1997) Human tumour antigens recognized by T cells: new perspectives for anti-cancer vaccines? Mol Med Today 3:261–268

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Clark RE, Dodi IA, Hill SC, Lill JR, Aubert G, Macintyre AR, Rojas J, Bourdon A, Bonner PL, Wang L (2001) Direct evidence that leukemic cells present HLA-associated immunogenic peptides derived from the BCR-ABL b3a2 fusion protein. Blood 98:2887–2893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cerottini JC, Tschopp J (1997) New knowledge about T-cell cytotoxicity. Ann Oncol 8(Suppl 2):75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Nakatsura T, Senju S, Ito M, Nishimura Y, Itoh K (2002) Cellular and humoral immune responses to a human pancreatic cancer antigen, coactosin-like protein, originally defined by the SEREX method. Eur J Immunol 32:826–836

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jager E, Nagata Y, Gnjatic S, Wada H, Stockert E, Karbach J, Dunbar PR, Lee SY, Jungbluth A, Jager D (2000) Monitoring CD8 T cell responses to NY-ESO-1: correlation of humoral and cellular immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4760–4775

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Day E (1965) Progress against cancer. Preventive aspects. Rocky Mt Med J 62:43–50

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Old LJ, Stockert E (1977) Immunogenetics of cell surface antigens of mouse leukemia. Annu Rev Genet 11:127–160

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Old LJ (1981) Cancer immunology: the search for specificity—G. H. A. Clowes Memorial lecture. Cancer Res 41:361–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Sahin U, Tureci O, Schmitt H, Cochlovius B, Johannes T, Schmits R, Stenner F, Luo G, Schobert I, Pfreundschuh M (1995) Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:11810–11830

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Mischo A, Wadle A, Watzig K, Jager D, Stockert E, Santiago D, Ritter G, Regitz E, Jager E, Knuth A (2003) Recombinant antigen expression on yeast surface (RAYS) for the detection of serological immune responses in cancer patients. Cancer Immun 3:5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Park S, Lim Y, Lee D, Cho B, Bang YJ, Sung S, Kim HY, Kim DK, Lee YS, Song Y (2003) Identification and characterization of a novel cancer/testis antigen gene CAGE-1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1625:173–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Forti S, Scanlan MJ, Invernizzi A, Castiglioni F, Pupa S, Agresti R, Fontanelli R, Morelli D, Old LJ, Pupa SM (2002) Identification of breast cancer-restricted antigens by antibody screening of SKBR3 cDNA library using a preselected patient’s serum. Breast Cancer Res Treat 73:245–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Assundani D, Ahmad M, Li G, Rees RC, Ali SA (2006) Immunotherapeutic potential of DISC-HSV and OX-40L in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 55:104–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Guinn BA, Collin JF, Li G, Rees RC, Mufti GJ (2002) Optimised SEREX technique for the identification of leukaemia-associated antigens. J Immunol Methods 264:207–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Sahin U, Li G, Tureci O, Pfreundschuh M (2001) Recognition of human tumours: SEREX expression cloning to identify tumour antigens. In: Robins A, Rees RC (eds) Cancer immunology, immunology in medicine series. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Nottingham, pp 45–57

    Google Scholar 

  50. Scanlan MJ, Gordon CM, Williamson B, Lee SY, Chen YT, Stockert E, Jungbluth A, Ritter G, Jager D, Jager E (2002) Identification of cancer/testis genes by database mining and mRNA expression analysis. Int J Cancer 98:485–492

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Boel P, Wildmann C, Sensi ML, Brasseur R, Renauld J, Coulie P, Boon T, van der Bruggen P (1995) BAGE: a new gene encoding an antigen recognized by cytolytic T lumphocytes. Immunity 2:167–175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Van den Eynde B, Peeters O, De Backer O, Gaugler B, Lucas S, Boon T (1995) A new family of genes coding for an antigen recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. J Exp Med 182:689–698

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Martelange V, De Smet C, De Plaen E, Lurquin C, Boon T (2000) Identification on a human sarcoma of two new genes with tumor-specific expression. Cancer Res 60:3848–3855

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Eichmuller S, Usener D, Dummer R, Stein A, Thiel D, Schadendorf D (2001) Serological detection of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:629–634

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sahin U, Koslowski M, Tureci O, Eberle T, Zwick C, Romeike B, Moringlane JR, Schwechheimer K, Feiden W, Pfreundschuh M (2000) Expression of cancer testis genes in human brain tumors. Clin Cancer Res 6:3916–3922

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Scanlan MJ, Altorki NK, Gure AO, Williamson B, Jungbluth A, Chen YT, Old LJ (2000) Expression of cancer-testis antigens in lung cancer: definition of bromodomain testis-specific gene (BRDT) as a new CT gene, CT9. Cancer Lett 150:155–164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Gure AO, Stockert E, Arden KC, Boyer AD, Viars CS, Scanlan MJ, Old LJ, Chen YT (2000) CT10: a new cancer-testis (CT) antigen homologous to CT7 and the MAGE family, identified by representational-difference analysis. Int J Cancer 85:726–732

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Vidaeus CM, von Kapp-Herr C, Golden WL, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Herr JC (1997) Human fertilin beta identification, characterization, and chromosomal mapping of an ADAM gene family member. Mol Reprod Dev 46:363–369

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. de Wit NJ, Weidle UH, Ruiter DJ, van Muijen GN (2002) Expression profiling of MMA-1a and splice variant MMA-1b: new cancer/testis antigens identified in human melanoma. Int J Cancer 98:547–553

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Jager D, Unkelbach M, Frei C, Bert F, Scanlan MJ, Jager E, Old LJ, Chen YT, Knuth A (2002) Identification of tumor-restricted antigens NY-BR-1, SCP-1, and a new cancer/testis-like antigen NW-BR-3 by serological screening of a testicular library with breast cancer serum. Cancer Immun 2:5

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Segal NH, Blachere NE, Shiu HY, Leejee S, Antonescu CR, Lewis JJ, Wolchok JD, Houghton AN (2005) Antigens recognized by autologous antibodies of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer Immun 5:4

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Scanlan MJ, Gure AO, Jungbluth AA, Old LJ, Chen YT (2002) Cancer/testis antigens: an expanding family of targets for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 188:22–32

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Michener CM, Ardekani AM, Petricoin EF 3rd, Liotta LA, Kohn EC (2002) Genomics and proteomics: application of novel technology to early detection and prevention of cancer. Cancer Detect Prev 26(4):249–255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. O’Farrell PZ, Gold LM (1973) Transcription and translation of prereplicative bacteriophage T4 genes in vitro. J Biol Chem 248(15):5512–5529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Washburn MP, Wolters D, Yates JR III (2001) Large-scale analysis of the yeast proteome by multidimensional protein identification technology. Nat Biotechnol 19(3):242–247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Stoeckli M, Chaurand P, Hallahan DE, Caprioli RM (2001) Imaging mass spectrometry: a new technology for the analysis of protein expression in mammalian tissues. Nat Med 7(4):493–496

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Xu BJ, Caprioli RM, Sanders ME, Jensen RA (2002) Direct analysis of laser capture microdissected cells by MALDI mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 13(11):1292–1297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Cutler P (2003) Protein arrays: the current state-of-the-art. Proteomics 3(1):3–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Miller JC, Zhou H, Kwekel J, Cavallo R, Burke J, Butler EB, Teh BS, Haab BB (2003) Antibody microarray profiling of human prostate cancer sera: antibody screening and identification of potential biomarkers. Proteomics 3(1):56–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Paweletz CP, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF III (2001) New technologies for biomarker analysis of prostate cancer progression: laser capture microdissection and tissue proteomics. Urology 57(4 Suppl 1):160–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Petricoin EF, Ardekani AM, Hitt BA, Levine PJ, Fusaro VA, Steinberg SM, Mills GB, Simone C, Fishman DA, Kohn EC, Liotta LA (2002) Use of proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer. Lancet 359(9306):572–577

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Rai AJ, Zhang Z, Rosenzweig J, Shih IeM, Pham T, Fung ET, Sokoll LJ, Chan DW (2002) Proteomic approaches to tumor marker discovery. Arch Pathol Lab Med 126(12):1518–1526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Liu AY, Zhang H, Sorensen CM, Diamond DL (2005) Analysis of prostate cancer by proteomics using tissue specimens. J Urol 1:173(1):73–78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Adam BL, Qu Y, Davis JW, Ward MD, Clements MA, Cazares LH, Semmes OJ, Schellhammer PF, Yasui Y, Feng Z, Wright GL Jr (2002) Serum protein fingerprinting coupled with a pattern-matching algorithm distinguishes prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and healthy men. Cancer Res 62(13):3609–3614

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Petricoin EF III, Ornstein DK, Paweletz CP, Ardekani A, Hackett PS, Hitt BA, Velassco A, Trucco C, Wiegand L, Wood K, Simone CB, Levine PJ, Linehan WM, Emmert-Buck MR, Steinberg SM, Kohn EC (2002) Serum proteomic patterns for detection of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 94(20):1576–1578

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Banez LL, Prasanna P, Sun L, Ali A, Zou Z, Adam BL, McLeod DG, Moul JW, Srivastava S (2003) Diagnostic potential of serum proteomic patterns in prostate cancer. J Urol 170(2 Pt 1):442–446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Li LC, Shiina H, Deguchi M, Zhao H, Okino ST, Kane CJ, Carroll PR, Igawa M, Dahiya R (2004) Age-dependent methylation of ESR1 gene in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321(2):455–461

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Wong YF, Cheung TH, Lo KW, Wang VW, Chan CS, Ng TB, Chung TK, Mok SC (2004) Protein profiling of cervical cancer by protein-biochips: proteomic scoring to discriminate cervical cancer from normal cervix. Cancer Lett 211(2):227–234

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Becker S, Cazares LH, Watson P, Lynch H, Semmes OJ, Drake RR, Laronga C (2004) Surfaced-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) differentiation of serum protein profiles of BRCA-1 and sporadic breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 11(10):907–914

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Wulfkuhle JD, McLean KC, Paweletz CP, Sgroi DC, Trock BJ, Steeg PS, Petricoin EF III (2001) New approaches to proteomic analysis of breast cancer. Proteomics 1(10):1205–1215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Yang SY, Xiao XY, Zhang WG, Zhang LJ, Zhang W, Zhou B, Chen G, He DC (2005) Application of serum SELDI proteomic patterns in diagnosis of lung cancer. BMC Cancer 20(5):83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Xiao X, Liu D, Tang Y, Guo F, Xia L, Liu J, He D (2003) Development of proteomic patterns for detecting lung cancer. Dis Markers 19(1):33–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Vlahou A, Schellhammer PF, Mendrinos S, Patel K, Kondylis FI, Gong L, Nasim S, Wright GL Jr (2001) Development of a novel proteomic approach for the detection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in urine. Am J Pathol 158(4):1491–1502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Lawrie LC, Fothergill JE, Murray GI (2001) Spot the differences: proteomics in cancer research. Lancet Oncol 2(5):270–277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Soltys SG, Le QT, Shi G, Tibshirani R, Giaccia AJ, Koong AC (2004) The use of plasma surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry proteomic patterns for detection of head and neck squamous cell cancers. Clin Cancer Res 10(14):4806–4812

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Koopmann J, Zhang Z, White N, Rosenzweig J, Fedarko N, Jagannath S, Canto MI, Yeo CJ, Chan DW, Goggins M (2004) Serum diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma using surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization mass spectrometry. Clin Cancer Res 10(3):860–868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Koomen JM, Shih LN, Coombes KR, Li D, Xiao LC, Fidler IJ, Abbruzzese JL, Kobayashi R (2005) Plasma protein profiling for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer reveals the presence of host response proteins. Clin Cancer Res 11(3):1110–1118

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Mian S, Ugurel S, Parkinson E, Schlenzka I, Dryden I, Lancashire L, Ball G, Creaser C, Rees R, Schadendorf D (2005) Serum proteomic fingerprinting discriminates between clinical stages and predicts disease progression in melanoma patients. J Clin Oncol 23(22):5088–5093

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Mian S, Ball G, Hornbuckle J, Holding F, Carmichael J, Ellis I, Ali S, Li G, McArdle S, Creaser C, Rees R (2003) A prototype methodology combining surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization protein chip technology and artificial neural network algorithms to predict the chemoresponsiveness of breast cancer cell lines exposed to paclitaxel and doxorubicin under in vitro conditions. Proteomics 3(9):1725–1737

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lehrer S, Roboz J, Ding H, Zhao S, Diamond EJ, Holland JF, Stone NN, Droller MJ, Stock RG (2003) Putative protein markers in the sera of men with prostatic neoplasms. BJU Int 92(3):223–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Gericke B, Raila J, Sehouli J, Haebel S, Konsgen D, Mustea A, Schweigert FJ (2005) Microheterogeneity of transthyretin in serum and ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients. BMC Cancer 5:133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Feng JT, Liu YK, Song HY, Dai Z, Qin LX, Almofti MR, Fang CY, Lu HJ, Yang PY, Tang ZY (2005) Heat-shock protein 27: a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma identified by serum proteome analysis. Proteomics 5(17):4581–4588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Bresalier RS, Byrd JC, Tessler D, Lebel J, Koomen J, Hawke D, Half E, Liu KF, Mazurek N (2004) Great lakes-New England clinical and epidemiology center of the early detection research network. A circulating ligand for galectin-3 is a haptoglobin-related glycoprotein elevated in individuals with colon cancer. Gastroenterology 127(3):741–748

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Malik G, Ward MD, Gupta SK, Trosset MW, Grizzle WE, Adam BL, Diaz JI, Semmes OJ (2005) Serum levels of an isoform of apolipoprotein A-II as a potential marker for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 11(3):1073–1085

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Le L, Chi K, Tyldesley S, Flibotte S, Diamond DL, Kuzyk MA, Sadar MD (2005) Identification of serum amyloid A as a biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer patients with bone lesions. Clin Chem 51(4):695–707

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Alexander H, Stegner AL, Wagner-Mann C, Du Bois GC, Alexander S, Sauter ER (2004) Proteomic analysis to identify breast cancer biomarkers in nipple aspirate fluid. Clin Cancer Res 10(22):7500–7510

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Liebich HM, Muller-Hagedorn S, Klaus F, Meziane K, Kim KR, Frickenschmidt A, Kammerer B (2005) Chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of urinary modified nucleosides as tumor markers. J Chromatogr A 1071(1–2):271–5

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Jang JS, Cho HY, Lee YJ, Ha WS, Kim HW (2004) The differential proteome profile of stomach cancer: identification of the biomarker candidates. Oncol Res 14(10):491–499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Bae SM, Lee CH, Cho YL, Nam KH, Kim YW, Kim CK, Han BD, Lee YJ, Chun HJ, Ahn WS (2005) Two-dimensional gel analysis of protein expression profile in squamous cervical cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 99(1):26–35

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK

    Amanda K. Miles, Balwir Matharoo-Ball, Geng Li, Murrium Ahmad & Robert C. Rees

Authors
  1. Amanda K. Miles
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Balwir Matharoo-Ball
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Geng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Murrium Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Robert C. Rees
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert C. Rees.

Additional information

This article is a symposium paper from the “Robert Baldwin Symposium: 50 years of Cancer Immunotherapy”, held in Nottingham, Great Britain, on 30th June 2005.

Amanda K. Miles and Balwir Matharoo-Ball have contributed equally to this review.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Miles, A.K., Matharoo-Ball, B., Li, G. et al. The identification of human tumour antigens: current status and future developments. Cancer Immunol Immunother 55, 996–1003 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-005-0115-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-005-0115-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation