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Imaging of benign gallbladder and biliary pathologies in pregnancy

  • Special Section: Benign Biliary Disease
  • Published:
Abdominal Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The rising incidence combined with pregnancy-related physiological changes make gallbladder and biliary pathology high on the differential for pregnant patients presenting with right upper abdominal pain. Imaging plays a crucial role in determining surgical versus non-surgical management in pregnant patients with biliary or gallbladder pathology. Ultrasound (first-line) and magnetic resonance with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (second-line) are the imaging techniques of choice in pregnant patients with suspected biliary pathology due to their lack of ionizing radiation. MRI/MRCP offers an excellent non-invasive imaging option, providing detailed anatomical detail without known harmful fetal side effects. This article reviews physiological changes in pregnancy that lead to gallstone and biliary pathology, key imaging findings on US and MRI/MRCP, and management pathways.

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Abbreviations

CBD:

Common bile duct

ERCP:

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

GBCA:

Gadolinium-based contrast agents

ICP:

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

MRCP:

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

PTBD:

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

RUQ:

Right upper quadrant

SAR:

Specific absorption rate

US:

Ultrasound

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 1 Silverstein, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Karthik M. Sundaram & Matthew A. Morgan

  2. Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jena Depetris

  3. Department of Radiology, University of Arizona-Tuscon, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tuscon, AZ, USA

    Hina Arif-Tiwari

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Sundaram, K.M., Morgan, M.A., Depetris, J. et al. Imaging of benign gallbladder and biliary pathologies in pregnancy. Abdom Radiol 48, 1921–1932 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-023-03832-1

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