Can a T2 hyperintense rim sign differentiate uterine leiomyomas from other solid adnexal masses?

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the incidence of high T2 signal rims surrounding leiomyomas, evaluate if a particular T2-weighted sequence is more effective in depicting this rim, and determine if this sign is useful in differentiating pedunculated leiomyomas from other solid adnexal masses.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective study, two radiologists evaluated 233 T2 dark pelvic masses (223 uterine leiomyomas and 10 ovarian fibromas) in 60 women (mean age 47) on Magnetic resonance imaging for the presence of a high signal rim. Three different T2-weighted sequences were reviewed independently for uterine leiomyomas: half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), SPACE, and T2 with fat saturation (T2 FS). Only T2 FS images were available for 10 fibromas. A consensus review was conducted for discrepant cases. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact test, kappa test, and ANOVA

Results

For 223 uterine leiomyomas, 23% (95% CI 17.8–28.9%) demonstrated a high T2 signal rim sign on T2 FS compared with 4.9% (95% CI 2.6–8.9%) for HASTE and 6.7% (95% CI 3.9–11.1%) for SPACE. The difference between the number of positive rims on T2 FS relative–HASTE and SPACE was statistically significant (p < 0.001). For ovarian fibromas, 40% (95% CI 16.9–68.8%) were classified positive for a rim sign.

Conclusion

A high T2 signal rim sign was present for up to 23% of uterine leiomyomas and the T2 FS sequence detected this rim sign most frequently. Up to 40% of ovarian fibromas can also have a T2 rim sign and, therefore, a solid adnexal mass with a T2 rim sign cannot be assumed to represent a pedunculated leiomyoma.