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End of induction [18F]FDG PET is prognostic for progression-free survival and overall survival in follicular lymphoma patients enrolled in the FOLL12 trial

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the reliability of the Deauville score (DS) in therapy response assessment and to define the prognostic value of the metabolic response of end of induction (EOI) [18F]FDG PET (PET) in follicular lymphoma patients.

Methods

Adult patients with untreated grade 1–3a FL/ stage II‐IV enrolled in the multicentre, prospective, phase III FOLL12 trial (NCT02063685) were randomized to receive standard immunochemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance (standard arm) versus standard immunochemotherapy followed by response-adapted post‐induction management (experimental arm). Baseline and EOI PET were mandatory for the study. All PET scans were centralized on the WIDEN® platform and classified according to DS in a blind independent central review. DS1–3 was considered negative (CMR), whereas DS4‐5 was considered positive (not CMR). The primary endpoint was PFS. The main secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results

Overall, 807 follicular lymphoma patients—52% women, 89% stage III-IV disease, 40% with a high-risk FLIPI-2 score (3–5)—were enrolled in the study; 729 (90.4%) baseline and EOI PET were available for the analysis. EOI PET was positive (DS4–5) in 88/729 (12.1%) cases. Overall inter-reviewer agreement on PET pos/neg result was 0.92, while agreement on positive and negative cases was 0.77 and 0.94, respectively. The median follow-up was 69 months; 247 events were registered in the 5-yr follow-up, with a 5-yr PFS of 67% (95%CI: 63%–70%). The 5-yr PFS rate for PET neg (DS1–3) and PET pos (DS4–5) patients was 71% (95%CI: 67%–75%) and 36% (95%CI: 25%–46%), respectively, with HR 3.49 (95%CI: 2.57–4.72). Five-year PFS was worse as DS increased, with 74% (70%–78%), 58% (48%–67%; HR 1.71; p = 0.001)] and 36% (25%–46%; HR 3.88; p < 0.001) in DS1–2, DS3 and DS4–5, respectively. EOI PET maintained its prognostic value in both the standard and experimental arms. In the whole population, 5-yr OS was 94% (95%CI: 92%–96%), with 96% (95%CI: 94–97) and 82% (95%CI: 72%–89%) in EOI PET negative (DS1–3) and positive (DS4–5), respectively (HR 4.48; p < 0.001). When DS was associated with FLIPI-2, patients with DS3 or DS1–2 with high FLIPI-2 (3–5) experienced worse OS than patients with DS1–2 and low FLIPI-2 (1–2) (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

This study shows that DS is a reliable prognostic tool to evaluate EOI PET in follicular lymphoma patients, with prognostic value maintained both in the standard and experimental arms, making metabolic imaging a robust tool to assess response in FL. Moreover, although preliminary, this study provides further information on DS3 patients, who are considered as CMR but show a less favourable PFS than DS1–2 patients.

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Data availability

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after de-identification, can be made available to investigators for research purposes on a case-by-case basis following the time of this publication and by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (https://filinf.it/) Data Sharing Policy.

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Funding

This study was supported by: Società Italiana di Ematologia (SIE); Associazione Angela Serra per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Ministero della Salute (Direzione Generale della ricerca e dell’Innovazione in sanità), Bando Progetti di Ricerca Giovani Ricercatori — Ricerca Finalizzata 2011–2012.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy

    Luca Guerra & Lavinia Monaco

  2. University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Luca Guerra

  3. Medical Physics, Ospedale Santa Croce E Carle, Cuneo, Italy

    Stephane Chauvie & Fabrizio Bergesio

  4. Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy

    Federico Fallanca

  5. Fondazione Italiana Linfomi, Modena, Italy

    Luigi Marcheselli

  6. Nuclear Medicine, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Rexhep Durmo & Annibale Versari

  7. Nuclear Medicine Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce E Carle, Cuneo, Italy

    Simona Peano

  8. Nuclear Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Modena, Italy

    Antonella Franceschetto

  9. Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena E Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Emiliano Barbieri

  10. Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy

    Marco Ladetto

  11. Hematology and HSC Transplantation, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo Per Lo Studio Dei Tumori Dino Amadori, Meldola, Italy

    Gerardo Musuraca

  12. Hematology Unit, AUSL Della Romagna, Rimini, Italy

    Patrizia Tosi

  13. Hematology Unit, Ospedale Di Circolo E Fondazione Macchi ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy

    Benedetta Bianchi

  14. Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy

    Silvia Anna Maria Bolis

  15. Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ospedale C. Panico, Tricase, Italy

    Vincenzo Pavone

  16. Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, AOU Policlinico S. Marco, Catania, Italy

    Annalisa Chiarenza

  17. Hematology Unit, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy

    Annalisa Arcari

  18. Hematology Unit, Ospedale Andrea Tortora, Pagani, Italy

    Catello Califano

  19. Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Alessia Bari

  20. Hematology Unit, Ospedale Santa Croce E Carle, Cuneo, Italy

    Massimo Massaia

  21. Hematology Unit, Ospedale Degli Infermi, Biella, Italy

    Annarita Conconi

  22. Hematology and Stem Cells Transplantation, IRCCS CROB, Rionero in Vulture, Italy

    Pellegrino Musto

  23. Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo, Messina, Italy

    Donato Mannina

  24. Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Parma, Italy

    Giovanni Roti

  25. Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy

    Sara Galimberti

  26. Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy

    Guido Gini

  27. Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Flavio Falcinelli

  28. Hematology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy

    Umberto Vitolo

  29. Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ospedale Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy

    Sara Veronica Usai

  30. Hematology Unit, General Hospital Ca’ Foncello, Treviso, Italy

    Piero Maria Stefani

  31. Ematologia E Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy

    Adalberto Ibatici

  32. Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, A.O. Terni, Terni, Italy

    Anna Marina Liberati

  33. Hematology Unit, ASL Pescara, Pescara, Italy

    Elsa Pennese

  34. Hematology and Stem Cells Transplantation, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy

    Tommasina Perrone

  35. Hematology Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy

    Stefano Luminari

  36. Department Chimomo, Università Di Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Stefano Luminari

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  1. Luca Guerra
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  2. Stephane Chauvie
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  3. Federico Fallanca
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Consortia

on behalf of Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)

Contributions

Concept and design of the study: Luca Guerra, Stephane Chauvie, Stefano Luminari, Annibale Versari.

Provision of study materials and PET images: Marco Ladetto, Gerardo Musuraca, Patrizia Tosi, Benedetta Bianchi, Silvia Anna Maria Bolis, Lavinia Monaco, Vincenzo Pavone, Annalisa Chiarenza, Annalisa Arcari, Catello Califano, Alessia Bari, Massimo Massaia, Annarita Conconi, Pellegrino Musto, Donato Mannina, Giovanni Roti, Sara Galimberti, Guido Gini, Flavio Falcinelli, Umberto Vitolo, Sara Valentina Usai, Piero Maria Stefani, Adalberto Ibatici, Anna Marina Liberati, Elsa Pennese, Tommaso Perrone.

Collection and assembly of data: Stefano Luminari, Luca Guerra, Stephane Chauvie, Rexhep Durmo, Fabrizio Bergesio, Federico Fallanca, Lavinia Monaco, Emiliano Barbieri, Simona Peano, Antonella Franceschetto, Luigi Marcheselli, Annibale Versari,

Data analysis and interpretation: Luigi Marcheselli, Luca Guerra, Stephane Chauvie, Stefano Luminari, Annibale Versari, Fabrizio Bergesio.

First manuscript writing: Luca Guerra and Stephane Chauvie contributed equally.

Manuscript revision and discussion: Luca Guerra, Stephane Chauvie, Rexhep Durmo, Stefano Luminari, Annibale Versari, Luigi Marcheselli.

Final approval of the manuscript: all authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luca Guerra.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose related to the subjects, matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Ethics approval

The FOLL12 trial (NCT02063685; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02063685) is a multicentric clinical trial and it was approved by the institutional review boards at each participating centre. This study involved humans and was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants before the enrolment in the study.

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Trail Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02063685.

Identifier: NCT02063685.

Retrospectively registered: 21 November 2012.

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Guerra, L., Chauvie, S., Fallanca, F. et al. End of induction [18F]FDG PET is prognostic for progression-free survival and overall survival in follicular lymphoma patients enrolled in the FOLL12 trial. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-024-06765-z

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