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Small soft tissue masses indeterminate at imaging: histological diagnoses at a tertiary orthopedic oncology clinic

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Abstract

Objective

To review histologic diagnoses of soft-tissue masses (STMs) ≤ 2 cm with indeterminate imaging features encountered in musculoskeletal oncology clinic at a tertiary referral center.

Materials and methods

This was an IRB-approved retrospective review of patients with STMs ≤ 2 cm, referred to our tertiary care orthopedic oncology clinic over 4.75 consecutive years. Maximum diameter was based on imaging measurement by a fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist. Simple lipomas, synovial cysts, metastases, and cases without histologic confirmation were excluded. Patient demographics, tumor imaging features (location, depth, size, and tumor:muscle enhancement and T2 signal ratios), and histology were recorded and compared.

Results

Mean maximum diameter for 42 trunk/extremity STMs was 1.5 cm (range, 0.7 to 2 cm). Mean age was 48 years (range, 18–83 years). Nine (21%) of the masses were malignant, while 33 (79%) were non-malignant. Thirty-nine (93%) of masses were superficial; 7/39 (18%) of these superficial tumors were malignant. Malignancy was not associated with underlying vessels, tendon, or fascia (p = 0.19). The non-malignant vs. malignant tumor:muscle enhancement ratio was 2.15 vs. 2.32 (p = 0.58) and enhancement coefficient of variation was 0.14 vs. 0.10 (p = 0.29). Most common malignant histologic subtypes were synovial sarcoma (n = 3), fibroblastic/myofibroblastic sarcoma (n = 2), leiomyosarcoma (n = 2), myxofibrosarcoma (n = 1), and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (n = 1). The majority (67%) of non-malignant lesions were: leiomyoma (n = 6), angiomyoma (n = 5), schwannoma (n = 4), benign fibrous histiocytoma (n = 4), and hemangioma (n = 3).

Conclusions

At a tertiary musculoskeletal oncology referral clinic, primary STMs ≤ 2 cm with indeterminate imaging features should be managed cautiously despite their small size and/or superficial location.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Ave, JMH WW 279, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Kevin Pham, Nisreen S. Ezuddin & Ty K. Subhawong

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Juan Pretell-Mazzini

  3. Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

    Juan Pretell-Mazzini & Ty K. Subhawong

Authors
  1. Kevin Pham
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  2. Nisreen S. Ezuddin
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  4. Ty K. Subhawong
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Correspondence to Ty K. Subhawong.

Ethics declarations

This study involving human subjects was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Miami Institutional Review Board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Conflict of interest

Kevin Pham: No potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Nisreen S. Ezuddin: No potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ty K. Subhawong MD has received honoraria from iiCME for speaking activities unrelated to preparation of this manuscript; he has served as a consultant for Agios Pharmaceuticals and Arog Pharmaceuticals but has received no funding for preparation of this manuscript.

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Pham, K., Ezuddin, N.S., Pretell-Mazzini, J. et al. Small soft tissue masses indeterminate at imaging: histological diagnoses at a tertiary orthopedic oncology clinic. Skeletal Radiol 48, 1555–1563 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-019-03205-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-019-03205-0

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