Abstract
Objective
To identify the variety of second and third intermetatarsal space (IS) lesions that may coexist with and without adjacent metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) plantar plate (PP) tears.
Materials and methods
One hundred forefoot MRIs in 96 patients with metatarsalgia obtained between 30 September 2011 and 21 July 2012 using 1.5- or 3-T MRI were retrospectively reviewed in consensus by two MSK radiologists and one podiatrist (DPM). MRI was evaluated for second and third MTP PP tear and the presence/nature of second and third IS lesions. Second and third IS neuromas were measured in transverse (trans) dimension.
Results
A total of 40 PP tears were identified: 36 at the second and 4 at the third MTP. Second MTP PP tear was identified in 33 % of females and 40.5 % of males. In the 63 female feet there were 21 second MTP PP tears, all of which also had second IS lesions: pericapsular fibrosis (16), bursitis (4), and ganglion (1). In the 37 male feet there were 15 second MTP PP tears, 14 of which had second IS lesions: pericapsular fibrosis (8), bursitis (5), and ganglion (1). There was no definite second IS neuroma adjacent to any second MTP PP tear. In females without PP tear, there were 24 second (3 mm trans average) and 43 third IS neuromas (4.1 mm trans average). In males without PP tear, there were 9 second (3.4 mm trans average) and 16 third IS neuromas (4.1 mm trans average).
Conclusions
MTP PP tears occurred in 40 % of our cases, 90 % of which occurred at the second MTP. Almost all coexisted with non-neuromatous second IS lesions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Coughlin MJ. Second metatarsophalangeal joint instability in the athlete. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(6):309–19.
Mendicino RW, Statler TK, Saltrick KR, Catanzariti AR. Predislocation syndrome: a review and retrospective analysis of eight patients. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2001;40(4):214–24.
Thompson FM, Hamilton WG. Problems of the second metatarsophalangeal joint. Orthopedics. 1987;10(1):83–9.
Kaz AJ, Coughlin MJ. Crossover second toe: demographics, etiology, and radiographic assessment. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(12):1223–37.
Doty JF, Coughlin MJ. Metatarsophalangeal joint instability of the lesser toes. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2013;30:1–6.
Nery C, Coughlin MJ, Baumfeld D, Mann TS. Lesser metatarsophalangeal joint instability: prospective evaluation and repair of plantar plate and capsular insufficiency. Foot Ankle Int. 2012;33:301–11.
Bartolomei FJ, Wertheimer SJ. Intermetatarsal neuromas: distribution and etiologic factors. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1983;22(4):279–82.
Addante JB, Peicott PS, Wong KY, Brooks DL. Interdigital neuromas. Results of surgical excision of 152 neuromas. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1986;76(9):493–5.
Friscia DA, Strom ED, Parr JW, Saltzman CL, Johnson KA. Surgical treatment for primary interdigital neuroma. Orthopedics. 1991;14(6):669–72.
Bennett GL, Graham CE, Mauldin DM. Morton’s interdigital neuroma: a comprehensive treatment protocol. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16(12):760–3.
Umans HR, Elsinger E. The plantar plate of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints: potential for injury and role of MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2001;9:659–69.
Mazzuca JW, Yonke B, Downes JM, Miner M. Fluoroscopic arthrography versus MR arthrography of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints for the detection of tears of the plantar plate and joint capsule: a prospective comparative study. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(2):200–9.
Yao L, Do HM, Cracchiolo A, Farahani K. Plantar plate of the foot: findings on conventional arthrography and MR imaging. AJR. 1994;163:641–4.
Nery C, Coughlin MJ, Baumfeld D, Mann TS, Yamada AF, Fernandes EA. MRI evaluation of the MTP plantar plates compared with arthroscopic findings: a prospective study. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(3):315–22.
Jain S, Mannan K. The diagnosis and management of Morton’s neuroma: a literature review. Foot Ankle Spec. 2013;6:307.
Zanetti M, Strehle JK, Kundert HP, Zollinger H, Hodler J. Morton neuroma: effect of MR imaging findings on diagnostic thinking and therapeutic decisions. Radiology. 1999;213:583–8.
Terk MR, Kwong PK, Suthar M, Horvath BC, Colleti PM. Morton neuroma: evaluation with MR imaging performed with contrast enhancement and fat suppression. Radiology. 1993;189:239–41.
Erickson SJ, Canale PB, Carrera GF, Johnson JE, Shereff MJ, Gould JS, et al. Interdigital (Morton) neuroma: high-resolution MR imaging with a solenoid coil. Radiology. 1991;181:833–6.
Theumann NH, Pfirrmann CW, Chung CB, Mohana-Borges AVR, Haghighi P, Trudell DJ, et al. Intermetatarsal spaces: analysis with MR bursography, anatomic correlation, and histopathology in cadavers. Radiology. 2001;221:478–84.
Ma LD, McCarthy EF, Bluemke DA, Frassica FJ. Differentiation of benign from malignant musculoskeletal lesions using MR imaging: pitfalls in MR evaluation of lesions with a cystic appearance. AJR. 1998;170:1251–8.
Bossley CJ, Cairney PC. The intermetatarsophalangeal bursa: its significance in Morton’s metatarsalgia. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1980;62:184–7.
Studler U, Mengiardi B, Bode B, Schottle PB, Pfirrmann CWA, Hodler J, et al. Fibrosis and adventitious bursae in plantar fat pad of forefoot: MR imaging findings in asymptomatic volunteers and MR imaging-histologic comparison. Radiology. 2008;246(3):863–70.
Ashman CJ, Klecker RJ, Yu JS. Forefoot pain involving the metatarsal region: differential diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiographics. 2001;21:1425–40.
Yu JS, Tanner JR. Considerations in metatarsalgia and midfoot pain: an MR imaging perspective. Foot Ankle Imaging. 2002;6:91–104.
Lepage-Saucier M, Linda DD, Chang EY, Huang BK, Fliszar EA, Trudell D, et al. MRI of the metatarsophalangeal joints: improved assessment with toe traction and MR arthrography. AJR. 2013;200:868–71.
Kier R, Abrahamian H, Caminear D, Eterno R, Feldman A, Abrahamsen T, et al. MR arthrography of the second and third metatarsophalangeal joints for the detection of tears of the plantar plate and joint capsule. AJR. 2010;194:1079–81.
Gregg JM, Silberstein M, Schneider T, Kerr JB, Marks P. Sonography of plantar plates in cadavers: correlation with MRI and histology. AJR. 2006;186:948–55.
Gregg J, Silberstein M, Schneider T, Marks P. Sonographic and MRI evaluation of the plantar plate: a prospective study. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:2661–9.
Coughlin MJ, Schenck RC, Shurnas PS, Bloome DM, Shurnas PJ. Concurrent interdigital neuroma and MTP joint instability: long-term results of treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23(11):1018–25.
Zanetti M, Weishaupt D. MR imaging of the forefoot: Morton neuroma and differential diagnoses. Semin Musculoskel Rad. 2005;9(3):175–86.
Coughlin MJ. When to suspect crossover second toe deformity. J Musculoskelet Med. 1987; 39–48.
Bouche RT, Heit EJ. Combined plantar plate and hammertoe repair with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer for chronic, severe sagittal plane instability of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints: Preliminary Observations. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;47(2):125–37.
Trepman E, Yeo SJ. Nonoperative treatment of metatarsophalangeal joint synovitis. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16(12):771–7.
Coughlin MJ. Subluxation and dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint. Orthop Clin North Am. 1989;20(4):535–51.
Yu GV, Judge MS, Hudson JR, Seidelmann FE. Predislocation syndrome. Progressive subluxation/dislocation of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2002;92(4):182–99.
Coughlin MJ. Crossover second toe deformity. Foot Ankle. 1987;8(1):29–39.
Johnston RB, Smith J, Daniels T. The plantar plate of the lesser toes: an anatomical study in human cadavers. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15:276–82.
Deland JT, Lee KT, Sobel M, DiCarlo EF. Anatomy of the plantar plate and its attachments in the lesser metatarsal phalangeal joint. Foot Ankle Int. 1995;16:480–6.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Umans, H., Srinivasan, R., Elsinger, E. et al. MRI of lesser metatarsophalangeal joint plantar plate tears and associated adjacent interspace lesions. Skeletal Radiol 43, 1361–1368 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-014-1920-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-014-1920-8