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Assessment of rockfall hazard around Afyon Castle, Turkey

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Environmental Geology

Abstract

The Afyon Castle is a tourist destination and a historical site in the City of Afyon in Turkey. The Castle is located on a steep hill, with a height of 226 m. In close proximity to the Castle there are settlements. The hill consists of trachitic andesite. The rock contains columnar joints and flow layering. Owing to these discontinuities, blocks of varying sizes had fallen down. The settlement areas near the Castle are now in danger because of the rockfall risk. In this study, rockfall analysis was carried out along nine profiles of the hill. Fall-out distance, bounce height, kinetic energy and velocity of the rocks along each profile were investigated. The results of the analyses were evaluated, and the areas delineated as susceptible to rockfall risk are highlighted. Remedial measures including rock bolts and protective fences were suggested on the basis of the field observations and the rockfall risk evaluation.

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Acknowledgments

This study is financially supported by METU BAP Project (2004-03-09-02). The authors gratefully acknowledge Afyon Municipality, especially Yavuz Unver, Mehmet Guzelkaya, and Hursit Erdogan for their support during the field test, and providing documents related to the Afyon Castle. The authors would also like to express their thanks to the anonymous reviewer(s) of this journal for their constructive comments and suggestions on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey

    Tamer Topal & Muge Akin

  2. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, 06520, Ankara, Turkey

    Utku Ahmet Ozden

Authors
  1. Tamer Topal
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  2. Muge Akin
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  3. Utku Ahmet Ozden
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Correspondence to Tamer Topal.

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Topal, T., Akin, M. & Ozden, U.A. Assessment of rockfall hazard around Afyon Castle, Turkey. Environ Geol 53, 191–200 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0633-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0633-2

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