Skip to main content
Log in

Karst database development in Minnesota: design and data assembly

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Geology

Abstract

The Karst Feature Database (KFD) of Minnesota is a relational GIS-based Database Management System (DBMS). Previous karst feature datasets used inconsistent attributes to describe karst features in different areas of Minnesota. Existing metadata were modified and standardized to represent a comprehensive metadata for all the karst features in Minnesota. Microsoft Access 2000 and ArcView 3.2 were used to develop this working database. Existing county and sub-county karst feature datasets have been assembled into the KFD, which is capable of visualizing and analyzing the entire data set. By November 17 2002, 11,682 karst features were stored in the KFD of Minnesota. Data tables are stored in a Microsoft Access 2000 DBMS and linked to corresponding ArcView applications. The current KFD of Minnesota has been moved from a Windows NT server to a Windows 2000 Citrix server accessible to researchers and planners through networked interfaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander EC Jr, Maki GL (1988) Sinkholes and Sinkhole Probability. Geologic Atlas Olmsted County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series C-3, Plate 7 (1:100,000). Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota

  • Alexander EC Jr, Green JA, Alexander SC, Spong RC (1995) Springsheds. Geologic Atlas Fillmore County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series C-8, Part B, Plate 9 (1:100,000). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters

  • Alexander EC Jr, Berner D, Gao Y, Green JA (2003) Sinkholes and Sinkhole Probability, and Springs and Seeps. Geologic Atlas of Goodhue County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series C-12, Part B, Plate 10 (1:100,000). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters

  • Codd EF (1970) A relational model of data for large shared data banks. CACM 13(6):377–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper AH, Farrant AR, Adlam KAM, Walsby JC (2001) The development of a national geographic information system (GIS) for British karst geohazards and risk assessment. In: Beck BF, Herring JG (eds) Geotechnical and environmental applications of karst geology and hydrology, proceedings of the 8th multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and the engineering and environmental impacts of karsts. Louisville, KY, A.A. Balkema, Lisse, 1–4 April 2001, pp 145–151

  • Dalgleish JD, Alexander EC Jr (1984) Sinkholes and sinkhole probability. Geologic Atlas Winona County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series C-2, Plate 5 (1:100,000). Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota

  • Denizman C (1997) Geographic information systems as a tool in karst geomorphology. In: Abstracts with Programs-Geological Society of America 29(6):290

  • Elmasri R, Navathe SB (1994) Fundamentals of database systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading, pp873

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming CC, von Halle B (1989) Handbook of relational database design. Addison-Wesley, Reading, pp605

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y (2002) Karst feature distribution in southeastern Minnesota: extending GIS-based database for spatial analysis and resource management. PhD Thesis, University of Minnesota

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Alexander EC Jr, Tipping RG (2002) The development of a karst feature database for southeastern minnesota. J Cave Karst Stud 64(1):51–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao Y, Alexander EC Jr, Barnes RJ (2005) Karst database implementation in Minnesota: analysis of sinkhole distribution. Environ Geol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Giammona CP (1973) Fluorescent dye determination of groundwater movement and contamination in permeable rock strata. Int J Speleol 5(3–4):201–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Green JA, Marken WJ, Alexander ECJ, Alexander SC (2002) Karst unit mapping using geographic information system technology, Mower County, Minnesota, USA. Environ Geol 42(5):457–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Lei M, Jiang X, Li Y (2001) New advances of karst collapse research in China. In: Beck BF, Herring JG (eds) Geotechnical and environmental applications of karst geology and hydrology, proceedings of the 8th multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and the engineering and environmental impacts of karsts. Louisville, KY, 1–4 April, A.A. Balkema, Lisse, pp 145–151

  • Magdalene SCC (1995) Sinkhole distribution in Winona County, Minnesota, revisited. MS Thesis, University of Minnesota

  • Ray JA, Goodmann PT, Meiman J (2000) Inaccurate sub-division of hydrologic units in kentucky’s karst watersheds [abs.]: 45th annual midwest ground water conference. Columbus, OH, October 17–19, pp 35–36

  • Tipping RG, Green JA, Alexander EC Jr, (2001) Karst features. Geologic Atlas of Wabasha County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series C-14, Part A, Plate 5 (1:100,000): Minnesota Geological Survey, University of Minnesota

  • Veni G (2002) Revising the karst map of the United States. J Cave Karst Stud 64(1):45–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Veni G, DuChene H, Crawford NC, Groves CG, Huppert GN, Kastning EH, Olson R, Wheeler BJ (2001) Living with karst: a fragile foundation. American Geological Institute, Alexandria, pp65

    Google Scholar 

  • White WB (2001) The karstmap project: progress and status [abs.]: national speleological society convention program guide. Great Saltpetre Cave Preserve, Kentucky, pp86

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitman D, Gubbels T (1999) Applications of GIS Technology to the triggering phenomena of sinkholes in central Florida. In: Beck BF, Pettit AJ, Herring GJ (eds) Hydrogeology and engineering geology of sinkholes and karst, proceedings of the 7th multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and the engineering and environmental impacts of karst. Harrisburg-Hershey, Penn., 10–14 April, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 67–73

  • Witthuhn MK, Alexander EC Jr (1995) Sinkholes and Sinkhole Probability. Geologic Atlas Fillmore County, Minnesota, County Atlas Series C-8, Part B, Plate 8 (1:100,000): Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Waters

  • Wopat MA (1974) The karst of southeastern Minnesota; and methods for statistical analysis of polymodal two-dimensional orientation data. MS Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research project was supported with funding and technical assistance from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) and conducted through the Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS). The karst feature locating and verification efforts of Scott Alexander, David Berner, Jeff Green, Lisa Holland, Sue Magdalene, Bev Shade, and many others are gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Y. Gao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gao, Y., Alexander, E.C. & Tipping, R.G. Karst database development in Minnesota: design and data assembly. Environ Geol 47, 1072–1082 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-1240-3

Keywords

Navigation