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Groundwater discharge to the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea): ecological aspects

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Environmental Geology

Abstract

The Gulf of Finland lies in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. The surface area is 29,700 km2 and the average depth of the basin is 38 m. Groundwater discharge to the Gulf of Finland equals 0.6 km3/year and this discharge is composed of many different chemical compounds. Groundwater discharge into the Gulf of Finland is dispersal. The coastal area of the Gulf of Finland can be divided into four zones with different geological, hydrogeological and discharge properties. The amount of direct groundwater discharge to the sea may be estimated using several geological and hydrogeological methods.

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References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Faculty, Dept. of Hydrogeology, University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg Universitetskaja nab.7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg , Russia

    E. A. Viventsova & A. N. Voronov

Authors
  1. E. A. Viventsova
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  2. A. N. Voronov
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Correspondence to E. A. Viventsova.

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Viventsova, E.A., Voronov, A.N. Groundwater discharge to the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea): ecological aspects. Env Geol 45, 221–225 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0869-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0869-z

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