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Pilot investigation on biostability of drinking water distribution systems under water source switching

  • Environmental Biotechnology
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Abstract

Water quality deterioration of drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) caused by water source switching has been reported previously. However, systematic investigation of the biostability of DWDS under water source switching is limited. Aged pipes, including three commonly used pipe materials dug out from a practical DWDS, were used to systematically investigate the biofilm stability mechanism of DWDS under water source switching to quality-improved water. An increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in the bulk water during the initial stage of the switching period was observed, indicating the risk of biofilm release through aged pipe surfaces after water source switching. Sloughing of biofilms might contribute to temporary instability. From day 35, the ATP concentration in the polyethylene (PE) and plastic stainless steel composite (PS) pipes were maintained at approximately 2.40 and 2.56 ng/L, respectively. In contrast, the ATP concentration in the ductile iron (DI) pipes was higher, at approximately 3.43 ng/L from day 42. The water quality variation could cause areas of the biofilm to slough and reduce the biomass of biofilm, causing partial alteration of the microbial community. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing–based functional prediction revealed that the biofilm could increase the abundance of chlorine-resistant bacteria attributed to the increase in Pseudomonas and Methylobacterium after switching to quality-improved water. Moreover, the profiles of specific pathways linked to human diseases, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic biosynthesis revealed that the safety of the biofilm could improve after switching to quality-improved water.

Key points

• The PE and PS biofilm showed improved resistance to water quality perturbation.

• Greater number of Methylobacterium was found in the biofilm after water source switching.

• 3.16S gene–based metagenomics prediction revealed that the safety of the biofilm under water source switching.

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The data underlying this article are available in the article.

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Funding

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51978602, No. 51778561) and Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2017ZX07201004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China

    Kejia Zhang, Xiaogang Wu, Tuqiao Zhang, Cheng Cen, Ruyin Mao & Renjie Pan

  2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China

    Renjie Pan

  3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, People’s Republic of China

    Renjie Pan

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  1. Kejia Zhang
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  2. Xiaogang Wu
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  3. Tuqiao Zhang
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  4. Cheng Cen
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  5. Ruyin Mao
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Contributions

Z.KJ: conceptualization, methodology, visualization; writing—original draft. Funding acquisition. W.XG: investigation, formal analysis. Z.TQ: writing—review and editing. C.C: methodology. M.RY: investigation. P.RJ: investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Renjie Pan.

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Zhang, K., Wu, X., Zhang, T. et al. Pilot investigation on biostability of drinking water distribution systems under water source switching. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106, 5273–5286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12050-6

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