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Biotechnological interventions and genetic diversity assessment in Swertia sp.: a myriad source of valuable secondary metabolites

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Abstract

The genus Swertia (Family: Gentianaceae) has cosmopolitan distribution which is present in almost all the continents except South America and Australia. Swertia genus has been renowned as one of the potent herbal drugs in the British, American, and Chinese Pharmacopeias as well as well-documented in the Indian traditional medicinal systems, viz. Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. Many species of this genus have therapeutic properties and have been used traditionally in the treatment of a number of health ailments viz. hepatitis, diabetes, inflammation, bacillary dysentery, cancer, malaria, fever etc. This genus is industrially important medicinal plant that has been used as a principal component in numerous marketed herbal/ polyherbal formulations. Medicinal usage of Swertia is endorsed to the miscellaneous compounds viz. xanthones, irridoids, seco-irridoids, and triterpenoids. A chain of systematic isolation of bio-active compounds and their diverse range of pharmacological effects during last 15–20 years proved this genus as industrially important plant. Due to the various practices of the Swertia species, annual demand is more than 100 tons per year for this important herb which is continuously increasing 10% annually. The market value rises 10% by the year as there is increased demand in national and international market resulted in adulteration of many Swertia spp. due to paucity of agricultural practices, exomorphological, phytochemical, and molecular characterization. Thus, efficient biotechnology methods are prerequisite for the mass production of authentic species, sustainable production of bio-active compounds and ex situ conservation. A chain of systematic biotechnological interventions in Swertia herb during last 20 years cover the assessment of genetic diversity, in vitro sustainable production of bio-active compounds and mass propagation of elite genotypes via direct and indirect organogenesis. This review attempts to present the comprehensive assessment on biotechnological process made in Swertia over the past few years.

Key points

• Critical and updated assessment on biotechnological aspects of Swertia spp.

• In vitro propagation and genetic diversity assessment in Swertia spp.

• Biosynthesis and sustainable production of secondary metabolites in Swertia spp.

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The authors are grateful to the School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University and IPLS-DBT Project (Project no. BT/PR-4548/INF/22/146/2012) sanctioned to Punjabi University, Patiala. The corresponding author thankfully acknowledges “Faculty Research and Professional Development Fund” (FRPDF) for financial assistance from Presidency University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Prabhjot Kaur, Devendra Kumar Pandey & Vijay Kumar

  2. Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India

    R. C. Gupta

  3. Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Padmanabh Dwivedi

  4. Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College, Kolkata, India

    Rupa Sanyal

  5. Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India

    Abhijit Dey

Authors
  1. Prabhjot Kaur
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  2. Devendra Kumar Pandey
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  3. R. C. Gupta
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  4. Vijay Kumar
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  5. Padmanabh Dwivedi
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  6. Rupa Sanyal
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  7. Abhijit Dey
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Contributions

PK did the literature survey and prepared the original draft. DKP and RCG revised the manuscript and drew the figures. VK and PD prepared the tables and contributed to the discussion part. DKP and AD designed, edited and supervised the entire work. RS helped in editing and revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Devendra Kumar Pandey or Abhijit Dey.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Kaur, P., Pandey, D.K., Gupta, R.C. et al. Biotechnological interventions and genetic diversity assessment in Swertia sp.: a myriad source of valuable secondary metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 105, 4427–4451 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11345-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11345-4

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