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Characterization of prophages containing “evolved” Dit/Tal modules in the genome of Lactobacillus casei BL23

  • Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology
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Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have many applications in food and industrial fermentations. Prophage induction and generation of new virulent phages is a risk for the dairy industry. We identified three complete prophages (PLE1, PLE2, and PLE3) in the genome of the well-studied probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei BL23. All of them have mosaic architectures with homologous sequences to Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Listeria phages or strains. Using a combination of quantitative real-time PCR, genomics, and proteomics, we showed that PLE2 and PLE3 can be induced—but with different kinetics—in the presence of mitomycin C, although PLE1 remains as a prophage. A structural analysis of the distal tail (Dit) and tail associated lysin (Tal) baseplate proteins of these prophages and other L. casei/paracasei phages and prophages provides evidence that carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) located within these “evolved” proteins may replace receptor binding proteins (RBPs) present in other well-studied LAB phages. The detailed study of prophage induction in this prototype strain in combination with characterization of the proteins involved in host recognition will facilitate the design of new strategies for avoiding phage propagation in the dairy industry.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Raul Raya from CERELA for testing of induced prophages in different Lactobacillus spp. strains.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    María Eugenia Dieterle, Joaquina Fina Martin, Sergio I. Nemirovsky, Carmen Sanchez Rivas & Mariana Piuri

  2. Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Rosario Durán

  3. Department of Biological Sciences and Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA

    Charles Bowman, Daniel Russell & Graham F. Hatfull

  4. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Charles Bowman

  5. Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France

    Christian Cambillau

  6. Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

    Christian Cambillau

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  1. María Eugenia Dieterle
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  2. Joaquina Fina Martin
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  9. Christian Cambillau
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  10. Mariana Piuri
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Correspondence to Mariana Piuri.

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Funding

This work was partially supported by UBACYT 2014-2017 GC 20020130100444BA to MP. M.E.D. is a doctoral fellow of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET, Argentina).

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Dieterle, M.E., Fina Martin, J., Durán, R. et al. Characterization of prophages containing “evolved” Dit/Tal modules in the genome of Lactobacillus casei BL23. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 100, 9201–9215 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-016-7727-x

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