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Cell aggregations in yeasts and their applications

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Abstract

Yeasts can display four types of cellular aggregation: sexual, flocculation, biofilm formation, and filamentous growth. These cell aggregations arise, in some yeast strains, as a response to environmental or physiological changes. Sexual aggregation is part of the yeast mating process, representing the first step of meiotic recombination. The flocculation phenomenon is a calcium-dependent asexual reversible cellular aggregation that allows the yeast to withstand adverse conditions. Biofilm formation consists of multicellular aggregates that adhere to solid surfaces and are embedded in a protein matrix; this gives the yeast strain either the ability to colonize new environments or to survive harsh environmental conditions. Finally, the filamentous growth is the ability of some yeast strains to grow in filament forms. Filamentous growth can be attained by two different means, with the formation of either hyphae or pseudohyphae. Both hyphae and pseudohyphae arise when the yeast strain is under nutrient starvation conditions and they represent a means for the microbial strain to spread over a wide area to survey for food sources, without increasing its biomass. Additionally, this filamentous growth is also responsible for the invasive growth of some yeast.

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Acknowledgments

The authors want to express their gratitude to the Xunta de Galicia, The University of Santiago de Compostela through the Faculty of Pharmacy, and the School of Biotechnology for their support throughout.

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur 15782, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

    J. A. Vallejo & T. G. Villa

  2. Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    A. Sánchez-Pérez

  3. Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

    José P. Martínez

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  1. J. A. Vallejo
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  2. A. Sánchez-Pérez
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  3. José P. Martínez
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  4. T. G. Villa
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Correspondence to T. G. Villa.

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Vallejo, J.A., Sánchez-Pérez, A., Martínez, J.P. et al. Cell aggregations in yeasts and their applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 97, 2305–2318 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4735-y

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