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Mineralization of s-triazine herbicides by a newly isolated Nocardioides species strain DN36

  • Environmental Biotechnology
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Abstract

A novel s-triazine-mineralizing bacterium—Nocardioides sp. strain DN36—was isolated from paddy field soil treated with ring-U-14C-labeled simetryn ([14C]simetryn) in a model paddy ecosystem (microcosm). In a tenfold-diluted R2A medium, strain DN36 liberated 14CO2 from not only [14C]simetryn but also three ring-U-14C-labeled s-triazines: atrazine, simazine, and propazine. We found that DN36 mineralized ring-U-14C–cyanuric acid added as an initial substrate, indicating that the bacterium mineralized s-triazine herbicides via a common metabolite, namely, cyanuric acid. Strain DN36 harbored a set of genes encoding previously reported s-triazine-degrading enzymes (TrzN-AtzB-AtzC), and it also transformed ametryn, prometryn, dimethametryn, atraton, simeton, and prometon. The findings suggest that strain DN36 can mineralize a diverse range of s-triazine herbicides. To our knowledge, strain DN36 is the first Nocardioides strain that can individually mineralize s-triazine herbicides via the ring cleavage of cyanuric acid. Further, DN36 could not grow on cyanuric acid, and the degradation seemed to occur cometabolically.

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Nippon Kayaku Co. Ltd. for providing radiolabeled simetryn. I am also grateful to Dr Kazuhiro Takagi for providing the DNA extract of the simazine-degrading β-proteobacterium. I wish to thank Minoru Masuda and Aiko Kamogawa for their excellent technical assistance and Dr. Kiyoshi Sato and Dr. Yasuhiro Kato for their kind advice.

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  1. Chemistry Division, The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, 303-0043, Japan

    Koji Satsuma

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  1. Koji Satsuma
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Correspondence to Koji Satsuma.

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Satsuma, K. Mineralization of s-triazine herbicides by a newly isolated Nocardioides species strain DN36. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 86, 1585–1592 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-010-2460-3

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