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Study of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) DRA polymorphism in four populations

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Abstract

To describe the polymorphism of the DRA gene in Macaca fascicularis, we have studied 141 animals either at cDNA level (78 animals from Mauritius, the Philippines, and Vietnam) or genomic level (63 animals from the Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam). In total, we characterized 22 cDNA DRA alleles, 13 of which had not been described until now. In the Mauritius population, we confirmed the presence of three DRA alleles. In the Philippine and Vietnam populations, we observed 11 and 14 DRA alleles, respectively. Only two alleles were present in all three populations. All DRA alleles but one differ from the consensus sequence by one to three mutations, most being synonymous; so, only seven DR alpha proteins were deduced from the 22 cDNA alleles. One DRA cDNA allele, Mafa-DRA*02010101, differs from all other alleles by 11 to 14 mutations of which only four are non-synonymous. The two amino acid changes inside the peptide groove of Mafa-DRA*02010101 are highly conservative. The very low proportion of non-synonymous/synonymous mutations is compatible with a purifying selection which is comparable to all previous observations concerning the evolution of the DRA gene in mammals. Homologues of the allele Mafa-DRA*02010101 are also found in two other Asian macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina). The forces able to maintain this highly divergent allele in three different macaque species remain hypothetical.

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Notes

  1. Writing the present article, we detected an error concerning DRB haplotype #1b that we reported in the article Blancher et al. 2006 (Fig. 2). The latter haplotype is absent from the Mauritius population but was observed in a single animal from The Philippines, while haplotype #1a was not observed in The Philippine sample. We apologize for this error.

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Acknowledgments

This work was performed with funds from the French Ministry of Research (EA3034 contract), from a research grant from Novartis, and with the help of ANRS (contract number 07375). Other funds were from the Laboratory of Dr. Takashi Shiina. We thank Pr. Brigitte Le Mauf (Nantes, France), Dominic Borie (Stanford, USA), Eric André (Bioprim, Baziège, France), Marc Bigaud (Novartis, Bâle), Dr. Jacques Ducos de Lahitte (Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse), for their help in obtaining macaque blood samples. Our thanks are also due to Peter Winterton for his contribution in drawing up the final version of this manuscript.

We are pleased to thank all the technicians of the Toulouse Laboratory of Immunogenetics: Béatrice Atlan, Audrey Dauba, Stéphanie Despiau-Schiavinato, and Sylvie Hébrard for their excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire d’immunogénétique moléculaire, EA3034, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Toulouse 3, IFR150 (INSERM), CHU de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Hôpital Rangueil, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, TSA 50032, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France

    Alice Aarnink, Laurent Estrade, Pol-André Apoil & Antoine Blancher

  2. Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1143, Japan

    Yuki F. Kita & Takashi Shiina

  3. Division of Population Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan

    Naruya Saitou

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  1. Alice Aarnink
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  2. Laurent Estrade
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  3. Pol-André Apoil
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Aarnink, A., Estrade, L., Apoil, PA. et al. Study of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) DRA polymorphism in four populations. Immunogenetics 62, 123–136 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-009-0421-8

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