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Structure and dynamics of sodium alginate as elucidated by chemical shift anisotropy and site-specific spin–lattice relaxation time measurements

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Abstract

The biocompatible, biodegradable, linear copolymer sodium alginate is fabricated from \(1 \to 4\) linked \(\beta\)-d-mannuronic acid (M block) and \(\alpha\)-l-guluronic acid (G-block). It has wide applications in drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and commercial application in the textile, cosmetics, paper, food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. The structure and dynamics of sodium alginate were here investigated by measuring chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) parameters, spin–lattice relaxation time, and molecular correlation time. The principal components of the CSA tensor were determined by two-dimensional phase-adjusted spinning sideband (2DPASS) cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) SSNMR. The alternating M and G blocks of both equatorial and axial links are associated with greater overall flexibility. The molecular correlation time of the carboxyl carbon of both G and M blocks is faster than for the anomeric carbon and pyranose carbon. This is further experimental evidence of the coexistence of two different dynamics within the polysaccharide chains of sodium alginate, which was previously established by 1H–13C dipolar profile analysis. The relaxation time of the para-crystalline region of sodium alginate is comparable with that of chitosan, but it is much shorter than that of cellulose and chitin. The order of the molecular correlation time of sodium alginate and chitosan is also the same. Hence, it can be concluded that sodium alginate exhibits greater flexibility than cellulose and chitin. These types of investigation into the local electronic configuration and nuclear spin dynamics at various carbon nuclei sites of the biopolymer at atomic-scale resolution will help in the design of biomimetic materials.

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Acknowledgements

The author Manasi Ghosh is grateful to Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India(file no. EMR/2016/000249) and SERB-POWER Grant (SPG/2021/000303) for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, India

    Krishna Kishor Dey

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, India

    Shovanlal Gayen

  3. Physics Section, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Manasi Ghosh

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  1. Krishna Kishor Dey
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  2. Shovanlal Gayen
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  3. Manasi Ghosh
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Correspondence to Manasi Ghosh.

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Dey, K.K., Gayen, S. & Ghosh, M. Structure and dynamics of sodium alginate as elucidated by chemical shift anisotropy and site-specific spin–lattice relaxation time measurements. Eur Biophys J 50, 963–977 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01559-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01559-9

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