Abstract
Wild-type human cystatin C is directly involved in pathological fibrils formation, leading to hemorrhage, dementia and eventually death of people suffering from cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Some studies on cystatin C oligomerization have been already done but some points are still unclear. In order to learn more about this important process, we have investigated thermal and chemical (guanidine hydrochloride-induced) denaturation of human cystatin C. Studies performed using tryptophan fluorescence, calorimetry, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that neither chemical nor thermal denaturation of hCC are simple two-state events. One recognized intermediate form was dimeric cystatin C, whose appearance was preceded mainly by changes in the L2 binding loop. The other form occurred only in the chemical denaturation process and was characterized by partially recovered interactions maintaining the protein tertiary structure. Our studies also strongly indicate that the β-structural motif of cystatin C is directly implicated in formation of temperature-induced aggregates.
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Abbreviations
- Gdn.HCl:
-
guanidine hydrochloride
- hCC:
-
human cystatin C
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Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Bogdan Banecki for the DSC studies and are also grateful to Gabriela Nowak-Wiczk and Joanna Hebanowska for their technical assistance. This work was supported by the State Committee for Scientific Research (KBN, Poland).
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Jankowska, E., Wiczk, W. & Grzonka, Z. Thermal and guanidine hydrochloride-induced denaturation of human cystatin C. Eur Biophys J 33, 454–461 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-003-0384-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-003-0384-x