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Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPSP) Induces Structural and Functional Variation in the Fungal Community of Sediments in the Jialing River, China

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) from human production and life activities causes severe destruction in river basin environments. In this study, three types of sediment samples (A, NPSP tributary samples; B, non-NPSP mainstream samples; C, NPSP mainstream samples) were collected at the estuary of the NPSP tributaries of the Jialing River. High-throughput sequencing of the fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region was used to identify fungal taxa. The impact of NPSP on the aquatic environment of the Jialing River was revealed by analysing the community structure, community diversity, and functions of sediment fungi. The results showed that the dominant phylum of sediment fungi was Rozellomycota, followed by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (relative abundance > 5%). NPSP caused a significant increase in the relative abundances of Exosporium, Phialosimplex, Candida, Inocybe, Tausonia, and Slooffia, and caused a significant decrease in the relative abundances of Cercospora, Cladosporium, Dokmaia, Setophaeosphaeria, Paraphoma, Neosetophoma, Periconia, Plectosphaerella, Claviceps, Botrytis, and Papiliotrema. These fungal communities therefore have a certain indicator role. In addition, NPSP caused significant changes in the physicochemical properties of Jialing River sediments, such as pH and available nitrogen (AN), which significantly increased the species richness of fungi and caused significant changes in the fungal community β-diversity (P < 0.05). pH, total phosphorus (TP), and AN were the main environmental factors affecting fungal communities in sediments of Jialing River. The functions of sediment fungi mainly involved three types of nutrient metabolism (symbiotrophic, pathotrophic, and saprotrophic) and 75 metabolic circulation pathways. NPSP significantly improved the pentose phosphate pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid beta-oxidation V metabolic circulation pathway functions (P < 0.05) and inhibited the chitin degradation to ethanol, super pathway of heme biosynthesis from glycine, and adenine and adenosine salvage III metabolic circulation pathway functions (P < 0.05). Hence, NPSP causes changes in the community structure and functions of sediment fungi in Jialing River and has adversely affected for the stability of the Jialing River Basin ecosystem.

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Acknowledgements

We thank for the American Journal Expert agent (AJE) to help with the manuscript revision.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Science Research Program of China West Normal University (Project No. 19E061), the Tianfu Scholar Program of Sichuan Province (Project No. 2020–17), the Environmental Protection Research Program of the Yangtze River (Project No. CJZDZYJ47), and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Project No. 41907132).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China

    Fei Xu, Lanping Zhu, Jiaying Wang, Yuqin Xue, Kunhe Liu, Fubin Zhang & Tuo Zhang

  2. Institute of Nature and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, China

    Fei Xu

  3. Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Tuo Zhang

  4. College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China

    Tuo Zhang

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Fei Xu: writing–original draft preparation; Lanping Zhu: reviewing, checking, and editing; Yuqin Xue: investigation; Kunhe Liu: software, data curation; Fubin Zhang: software, data curation; Tuo Zhang: conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition.

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Xu, F., Zhu, L., Wang, J. et al. Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPSP) Induces Structural and Functional Variation in the Fungal Community of Sediments in the Jialing River, China. Microb Ecol 85, 1308–1322 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-022-02009-5

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