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Fluctuation at High Temperature Combined with Nutrients Alters the Thermal Dependence of Phytoplankton

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) predicts that the temperature increases exert a common effect on organisms stimulating metabolic rates, this being stronger for a heterotrophic than for an autotrophic metabolism. However, no available studies within the MTE framework have focused on organisms’ response under fluctuation at high temperature interacting with factors such as nutrient availability, or how this interaction could affect the coexistence between mixotrophic and strict autotrophic phytoplankton. Hence, we assess how the phytoplankton metabolism and species composition are affected under scenarios of high temperature and fluctuation at high temperature, and how nutrients alter the direction and magnitude of such impact. For that, we use a mixed culture composed of two phytoplankton species: a strict autotrophic species and a mixotrophic species. Our results indicate that, in agreement with the MTE, only fluctuation at high temperature treatment registered a greater activation energy (Ea) value for respiration than for primary production and stimulated mixotrophic over strict autotrophic species abundance compared to control treatment. Remarkably, fluctuation at high temperature had a strong negative impact on the total abundance of the mixed-culture. The interaction between nutrient enrichment and fluctuation at high temperature increased abundance of the strict autotrophic species and overall species abundance, and led to Ea values that were higher in primary production than in respiration. Changes in community composition, enhanced by nutrient enrichment, could be behind this response, which can have implications in ecosystem functioning in a changing world.

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Data Availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Juan Manuel González-Olalla, upon request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Darío Ruiz Ruiz for his help in the laboratory analysis. We thank David Nesbitt and María Vila Duplá for English writing assistance.

Funding

This study was supported by Ministerio Economía y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (CGL2015–67682-R to P.C. and J.M.M.-S.), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2020-118872RB-I00 to P.C.). J.M.G.-O. was supported by the Spanish Government Fellowship “Formación de Profesorado Universitario” (FPU14/00977).

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  1. University Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, C/Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Juan Manuel González-Olalla & Presentación Carrillo

  2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Juan Manuel González-Olalla, Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez & Presentación Carrillo

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  1. Juan Manuel González-Olalla
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Conceptualization, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, validation, visualisation and writing–original draft: Juan Manuel González-Olalla. Supervision and funding acquisition: Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez and Presentación Carrillo. Writing–review and editing: Juan Manuel González-Olalla, Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez and Presentación Carrillo.

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Correspondence to Juan Manuel Medina-Sánchez.

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González-Olalla, J.M., Medina-Sánchez, J.M. & Carrillo, P. Fluctuation at High Temperature Combined with Nutrients Alters the Thermal Dependence of Phytoplankton. Microb Ecol 83, 555–567 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01787-8

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