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Differential Analysis of Mycelial Proteins and Metabolites From Rigidoporus Microporus During In Vitro Interaction With Hevea Brasiliensis

  • Plant Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

Rigidoporus microporus is the fungus accountable for the white root rot disease that is detrimental to the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. The pathogenicity mechanism of R. microporus and the identity of the fungal proteins and metabolites involved during the infection process remain unclear. In this study, the protein and metabolite profiles of two R. microporus isolates, Segamat (SEG) and Ayer Molek (AM), were investigated during an in vitro interaction with H. brasiliensis. The isolates were used to inoculate H. brasiliensis clone RRIM 2025, and mycelia adhering to the roots of the plant were collected for analysis. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images acquired confirms the hyphae attachment and colonization of the mycelia on the root of the H. brasiliensis clones after 4 days of inoculation. The protein samples were subjected to 2-DE analysis and analyzed using MALDI-ToF MS/MS, while the metabolites were extracted using methanol and analyzed using LC/MS-QTOF. Based on the differential analyses, upregulation of proteins that are essential for fungal evolution such as malate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase hints an indirect role in fungal pathogenicity, while metabolomic analysis suggests an increase in acidic compounds which may lead to increased cell wall degrading enzyme activity. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms were prominently affected in response to the fungal pathogenicity. In addition to that, other pathways that were significantly affected include “Protein Ubiquitination Pathway,” Unfolded Protein Response,” “HIFα Signaling,” and “Sirtuin Signaling Pathway.” The identification of responsive proteins and metabolites from this study promotes a better understanding of mechanisms underlying R. microporus pathogenesis and provides a list of potential biological markers for early recognition of the white root rot disease.

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Data Availability

The nucleotide sequences of all test genes were submitted in the NCBI Genbank database under accession numbers. Rigidoporus microporus Ayer Molek (AM) (accession No. MG199552.1) and Segamat (SEG) (accession No. MG199553.1); Hevea brasiliensis (accession No. MF981856.1).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Malaysian Rubber Board

Funding

This research was funded by the Malaysian Rubber Board grant number (S16IPDM0533).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ahmad Faiz Bin Che Fisol, Noor Baity Saidi & Dhilia Udie Lamasudin

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia

    Jameel R. Al-Obaidi

  3. Malaysian Rubber Board, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia

    Safiah Atan & Roslinda Sajari

  4. Membranology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-kun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan

    Nurhanani Razali

  5. Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan

    Nurhanani Razali

  6. Agro-Biotechnology Institute Malaysia (ABI), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), c/o MARDI Headquarters, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Norasfaliza Rahmad, Siti Nahdatul Isnaini Said Hussin & Nurul Hafiza MR

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  1. Ahmad Faiz Bin Che Fisol
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  2. Noor Baity Saidi
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Contributions

Jameel R. Al-Obaidi conceptualized and designed the research. Jameel R. Al-Obaidi, Noor Baity Saidi, Roslinda Sajari, Dhilia Udie Lamasudin, and Safiah Atan executed the research. Ahmad Faiz Bin Che Fisol run the experiments and wrote the paper. Jameel R. Al-Obaidi, Ahmad Faiz Bin Che Fisol, and Norasfaliza Rahmad performed the proteomic analysis. Siti Nahdatul Isnaini Said Hussin and Nurul Hafiza MR performed the plant challenge experiment. Roslinda Sajari performed microscopy. Nurhanani Razali performed the bioinformatics analysis. All authors agree on the final content of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jameel R. Al-Obaidi.

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Fisol, A.F.B.C., Saidi, N.B., Al-Obaidi, J.R. et al. Differential Analysis of Mycelial Proteins and Metabolites From Rigidoporus Microporus During In Vitro Interaction With Hevea Brasiliensis. Microb Ecol 83, 363–379 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01757-0

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