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Diversity of Fungi Present in Permafrost in the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Published:
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Abstract

We assess the fungal diversity present in permafrost from different islands in the South Shetland Islands archipelago, maritime Antarctic, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). We detected 1,003,637 fungal DNA reads representing, in rank abundance order, the phyla Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Rozellomycota, Mucoromycota, Calcarisporiellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Ten taxa were dominant these being, in order of abundance, Pseudogymnoascus appendiculatus, Penicillium sp., Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Penicillium herquei, Curvularia lunata, Leotiomycetes sp., Mortierella sp. 1, Mortierella fimbricystis, Fungal sp. 1 and Fungal sp. 2. A further 38 taxa had intermediate abundance and 345 were classified as rare. The total fungal community detected in the permafrost showed high indices of diversity, richness and dominance, although these varied between the sampling locations. The use of a metabarcoding approach revealed the presence of DNA of a complex fungal assemblage in the permafrost of the South Shetland Islands including taxa with a range of ecological functions among which were multiple animal, human and plant pathogenic fungi. Further studies are required to determine whether the taxa identified are present in the form of viable cells or propagules and which might be released from melting permafrost to other Antarctic habitats and potentially dispersed more widely.

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Data Availability

All permafrost samples analyzed in this paper are stored in the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

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Funding

This study received financial support from CNPq, PROANTAR, FAPEMIG, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), INCT Criosfera 2. P. Convey is supported by NERC core funding to the British Antarctic Survey’s ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil

    Thamar Holanda da Silva, Carlos Augusto Rosa & Luiz Henrique Rosa

  2. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    Paulo E. A. S. Câmara & Micheline Carvalho-Silva

  3. Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    Otávio Henrique Bezerra Pinto

  4. Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Fábio Soares Oliveira

  5. British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    Peter Convey

Authors
  1. Thamar Holanda da Silva
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  2. Paulo E. A. S. Câmara
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  3. Otávio Henrique Bezerra Pinto
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  4. Micheline Carvalho-Silva
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  5. Fábio Soares Oliveira
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  6. Peter Convey
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  7. Carlos Augusto Rosa
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  8. Luiz Henrique Rosa
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Contributions

THS and LHR conceived the study and collected the samples. THS performed DNA extraction from permafrost samples. OHBZ performed the fungal sequences analysis. FSO performed the permafrost physicochemical analysis. THS, LHR, PEASC, OHBZ, MCS, FSO, PC and CAR analyzed the results and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luiz Henrique Rosa.

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The collections and studies performed in Antarctic Peninsula were authorized by the Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty and by PROANTAR.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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da Silva, T.H., Câmara, P.E.A.S., Pinto, O.H.B. et al. Diversity of Fungi Present in Permafrost in the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic. Microb Ecol 83, 58–67 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01735-6

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