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Spatial Distribution Patterns of Bacterioplankton in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Tropical Mexican Pacific

  • Microbiology of Aquatic Systems
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Abstract

Microbial communities within oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are crucial drivers of marine biogeochemical cycles; however, we still lack an understanding of how these communities are distributed across an OMZ. We explored vertical (from 5 to 500 m depth) and horizontal (coast to open ocean) distribution of bacterioplankton and its relationships with the main oceanographic conditions in three transects of the tropical Mexican Pacific OMZ. The distribution of the microbial diversity and the main clades changed along the transition from oxygen-rich surface water to the OMZ core, demonstrating the sensitivity of key bacterial groups to deoxygenation. The euphotic zone was dominated by Synechococcales, followed by Flavobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales, Rhodobacterales, SAR86, and Cellvibrionales, whereas the OMZ core was dominated by SAR11, followed by SAR406, SAR324, SAR202, UBA10353 marine group, Thiomicrospirales and Nitrospinales. The marked environmental gradients along the water column also supported a high potential for niche partitioning among OMZ microorganisms. Additionally, in the OMZ core, bacterial assemblages from the same water mass were more similar to each other than those from another water mass. There were also important differences between coastal and open-ocean communities: Flavobacteriales, Verrucomicrobiales, Rhodobacterales, SAR86, and Cellvibrionales were more abundant in coastal areas, while Synechococcales, SAR406, SAR324, SAR202, UBA10353 marine group, and Thiomicrospirales were more abundant in the open ocean. Our results suggest a biogeographic structure of the bacterioplankton in this OMZ region, with limited community mixing across water masses, except in upwelling events, and little dispersion of the community by currents in the euphotic zone.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all participants of the oceanographic cruise “MareaR VIII,” including the captain and crew. Dr. Fernando Aguirre-Bahena (CICIMAR) generously lent the CTD equipment used during the cruise. We acknowledge Dr. Ann Grant through the “Posgrado de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología” (UNAM) for the English revision of this manuscript.

Funding

Funding for this work was granted by PAPIIT-UNAM No. IA201617. The ship time of the research cruise “MAREAR-VIII” on board the R/V “El Puma” was funded by the Coordinación de la Investigación Científica (UNAM).

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  1. Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Institute of Marine Sciences and Limnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Silvia Pajares, Francisco Varona-Cordero & David Uriel Hernández-Becerril

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  1. Silvia Pajares
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  2. Francisco Varona-Cordero
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  3. David Uriel Hernández-Becerril
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Correspondence to Silvia Pajares.

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Pajares, S., Varona-Cordero, F. & Hernández-Becerril, D.U. Spatial Distribution Patterns of Bacterioplankton in the Oxygen Minimum Zone of the Tropical Mexican Pacific. Microb Ecol 80, 519–536 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01508-7

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