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Molecular Characterization of Skin Microbiota Between Cancer Cachexia Patients and Healthy Volunteers

  • Host Microbe Interactions
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Abstract

Systemic inflammation contributes to both the development of cancer and of cachexia. The microenvironment of bacterial habitats might be changed during the progression of cancer cachexia. The aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the composition of the skin microbiota between cancer cachexia patients and healthy volunteers. Cutaneous bacteria were swabbed at the axillary fossa of 70 cancer cachexia patients and 34 healthy individuals from China. Nested-PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) with primers specifically targeting V3 region and quantitative PCR (qPCR) for total bacteria, Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Staphylococcus epidermidis were performed on all samples. Barcoded 454 pyrosequencing of the V3–V4 regions was performed on 30 randomly selected samples. By comparing diversity and richness indices, we found that the skin microbiome of cachectic cancer patients is less diverse than that of healthy participants, though these differences were not significant. The main microbes that reside on human skin were divided into four phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. were the dominant bacteria at the genus level. Significantly fewer Corynebacterium spp. had been observed in cachexia patients compared to healthy subjects. These results suggest that the presence of cancer and cachexia alters human skin bacterial communities. Understanding the changes in microbiota during cancer cachexia may lead to new insights into the syndrome.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Prof. Xinhan Zhao and Zhigang Liu for the sample collection. We would also like to thank the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xi'an and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi province for the equipment and technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 76, 710061, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China

    Wei Li, Lei Han, Pengbo Yu & Jiru Xu

  2. Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 710054, Xi’an, China

    Chaofeng Ma

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710004, Xi’an, China

    Xiaokang Wu

  4. Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD, Northern Ireland, UK

    John E. Moore

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  1. Wei Li
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Li, W., Han, L., Yu, P. et al. Molecular Characterization of Skin Microbiota Between Cancer Cachexia Patients and Healthy Volunteers. Microb Ecol 67, 679–689 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-013-0345-6

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