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Pattern of Elemental Release During the Granite Dissolution Can Be Changed by Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacterial Strains Isolated from Damma Glacier (Central Alps) Deglaciated Granite Sand

  • Soil Microbiology
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Abstract

Colonisation and weathering of freshly deglaciated granite are key processes in initial soil formation and development. We have obtained 438 isolates from granite sand covering glacial toe, 284 isolates at 22°C and 154 at 4°C incubation temperatures, respectively, to obtain cultures for the investigation of their weathering capabilities under laboratory conditions. The isolation of bacteria from granite sand was performed on rich-, intermediate- and low-nutrient-content solid media. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. According to the genera-associated weathering capabilities described in the literature and according to their abundance in our culture collection, we selected eight strains to analyse their effects on the weathering dynamics of granite sand during the batch culture experiment. Analysis of culturable bacteria showed higher species richness among isolates from 22°C than from 4°C incubations. In the R2A and 1/100 Ravan media, we observed the highest species richness of isolates obtained at 22°C and 4°C incubation temperatures, respectively. The obtained 16S rRNA sequences revealed the presence of alpha-, beta- and gamma-proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. The most numerous group of isolates was distantly related to Collimonas representatives, and according to the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes, they can form a new genus. Isolates from this group had the capability of causing increased dissolution rates for Fe, W, Ni and Rb. In general, at each sampling during the 30-day experiment, every strain showed a unique weathering profile resulting from differential rates of the dissolution and the precipitation of different minerals in the batch culture. Consequently, the presence of different strains, their growth stage and changes in proportions of strains in the bacterial community can affect further soil development and the successive colonisation by plants.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this study was provided by the BigLink project of the Competence Center Environment and Sustainability (CCES) of the ETH Domain. This study was also supported by the Genetic Diversity Centre of ETH Zurich (GDC). Helmut Brandl (University of Zurich) and Daniela Steiner (WSL) are acknowledged for the valuable scientific and technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Snow and Landscape Research, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    Aleš Lapanje, Celine Wimmersberger, Ivano Brunner & Beat Frey

  2. Institute of Physical Biology, Toplarniška 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Aleš Lapanje

  3. ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 8, Zurich, Switzerland

    Gerhard Furrer

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Correspondence to Aleš Lapanje.

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Supplement Figure 1

Phylogenetic position of the 16S rRNA genes of isolates. Here are selected isolates that have lower than 98% similarities among the RDPII database isolates and type strains of Burkholderiales. Collimonas relatives are here excluded. Numbers on the branches represent bootstrap values. Isolates are presented in bold numbers. Black-filled circles represent 4°C isolates. Tree is constructed with a neighbour joining method based on Kimura two-parameter distance values (DOC 507 kb)

Supplement Figure 2

Isolate preferences in dissolving different elements from the granite sand. Figures show principal component analysis (PCA) of the concentrations of elements in each batch reactor. Vectors specify multidimensional space determined by the variations in elements concentrations in batch reactors. Yellow numbers in blue circles show the mean scores of three batches per isolate (DOC 10472 kb)

Supplement Table 1a

Characteristics of isolates obtained at 22°C (DOC 772 kb)

Supplement Table 2

Dissolution rates of elements from the granite sand during the 30-day experiment. Red-coloured elements with arrows pointing up show the increase and blue-coloured elements with down-pointing arrows the decrease of dissolution rate according to the control. *90% confidence interval, **95% confidence interval, ***99% confidence interval in pairwise Student’s t tests (DOC 57 kb)

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Lapanje, A., Wimmersberger, C., Furrer, G. et al. Pattern of Elemental Release During the Granite Dissolution Can Be Changed by Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacterial Strains Isolated from Damma Glacier (Central Alps) Deglaciated Granite Sand. Microb Ecol 63, 865–882 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9976-7

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