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Molecular Response of the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to Phosphorus Limitation

Microbial Ecology volume 63, pages 188–198 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Cyanobacteria blooms caused by species such as Microcystis have become commonplace in many freshwater ecosystems. Although phosphorus (P) typically limits the growth of freshwater phytoplankton populations, little is known regarding the molecular response of Microcystis to variation in P concentrations and sources. For this study, we examined genes involved in P acquisition in Microcystis including two high-affinity phosphate-binding proteins (pstS and sphX) and a putative alkaline phosphatase (phoX). Sequence analyses among ten clones of Microcystis aeruginosa and one clone of Microcystis wesenbergii indicates that these genes are present and conserved within the species, but perhaps not the genus, as phoX was not identified in M. wesenbergii. Experiments with clones of M. aeruginosa indicated that expression of these three genes was strongly upregulated (50- to 400-fold) under low inorganic P conditions and that the expression of phoX was correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.005). In contrast, cultures grown exclusively on high levels of organic phosphorus sources (adenosine 5′-monophosphate, β-glycerol phosphate, and d-glucose-6-phosphate) or under nitrogen-limited conditions displayed neither high levels of gene expression nor alkaline phosphatase activity. Since Microcystis dominates phytoplankton assemblages in summer when levels of inorganic P (Pi) are often low and/or dominate lakes with low Pi and high organic P, our findings suggest this cyanobacterium may rely on pstS, sphX, and phoX to efficiently transport Pi and exploit organic sources of P to form blooms.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Jackie Collier for useful comments and feedback on this research. We thank Dr. Greg Boyer and Dr. Steve Wilhelm for supplying Microcystis cultures. This work was supported by the NOAA-ECOHAB program being funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award no. NA10NOS4780140 to Stony Brook University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, 239 Montauk Highway, Southampton, NY, 11968, USA

    Matthew J. Harke, Dianna L. Berry & Christopher J. Gobler

  2. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA

    James W. Ammerman

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  1. Matthew J. Harke
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  2. Dianna L. Berry
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  3. James W. Ammerman
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  4. Christopher J. Gobler
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Correspondence to Christopher J. Gobler.

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Harke, M.J., Berry, D.L., Ammerman, J.W. et al. Molecular Response of the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to Phosphorus Limitation. Microb Ecol 63, 188–198 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9894-8

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Keywords

  • Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
  • Synechococcus
  • Microcystis Aeruginosa
  • Prochlorococcus
  • Dissolve Organic Phosphorus