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Associations Among Rhizobial Chromosomal Background, nod Genes, and Host Plants Based on the Analysis of Symbiosis of Indigenous Rhizobia and Wild Legumes Native to Xinjiang

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

The associations among rhizobia chromosomal background, nodulation genes, legume plants, and geographical regions are very attractive but still unclear. To address this question, we analyzed the interactions among rhizobia rDNA genotypes, nodC genotypes, legume genera, as well as geographical regions in the present study. Complex relationships were observed among them, which may be the genuine nature of their associations. The statistical analyses indicate that legume plant is the key factor shaping both rhizobia genetic and symbiotic diversity. In the most cases of our results, the nodC lineages are clearly associated with rhizobial genomic species, demonstrating that nodulation genes have co-evolved with chromosomal background, though the lateral transfer of nodulation genes occurred in some cases in a minority. Our results also support the hypothesis that the endemic rhizobial populations to a certain geographical area prefer to have a wide spectrum of hosts, which might be an important event for the success of both legumes and rhizobia in an isolated region.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Fu Suo Zhang for providing fund for nodule collection and Prof. Ge Hong Wei for providing seeds of some wild leguminous plants. We also very thank Dr. Li Li Han for her kind help in experiments. This work was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2006CB100206), National Program for Basic S & T Platform Construction (2005DKA21201-10), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670001 and 30400001). ETW was supported by the project of SIP 20070538 and 20080322 authorized by IPN, México.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Key laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resource and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China

    Tian Xu Han, Chang Fu Tian & Wen Xin Chen

  2. Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340, México, D.F., México

    En Tao Wang

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Supplementary Fig. 1

Phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequences showing the relationships among the representative isolates and the reference strains for defined rhizobial species. The neighbor-joining tree was derived from a 16S rDNA sequence distance matrix (Jukes-Cantor). Bootstrap confidence levels greater than 50% are indicated at the internodes. The scale bar represents 1% of nucleotide substitutions (DOC 105 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree of MLSA based on concatenated sequences of atpD, glnII, recA, and IGS. The strains analyzed in each locus and those whose sequences of all four loci being available from the GenBank database were included. Bootstrap confidence levels greater than 50% are indicated at the internodes. Bar 2% nucleotide divergence (DOC 79 kb)

Supplementary Fig. 3

Phylogenetic tree of nodC gene sequences showing the relationships among the representative strains and the related bacterial species. The neighbor-joining dendrogram was derived from a nodC sequence distance matrix (Jukes-Cantor). Bootstrap confidence levels greater than 50% are indicated at the internodes. Scale bar 5% nucleotide divergence (DOC 120 kb)

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Han, T.X., Tian, C.F., Wang, E.T. et al. Associations Among Rhizobial Chromosomal Background, nod Genes, and Host Plants Based on the Analysis of Symbiosis of Indigenous Rhizobia and Wild Legumes Native to Xinjiang. Microb Ecol 59, 311–323 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-009-9577-x

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