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Establishment and Early Succession of a Multispecies Biofilm Composed of Soil Bacteria

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Abstract

Most soil bacteria are likely to be organized in biofilms on roots, litter, or soil particles. Studies of such biofilms are complicated by the many nonculturable species present in soil, as well as the interspecific bacterial interactions affecting biofilm biology. We in this study describe the development of a biofilm flow model and use this system to establish an early (days 1–7) flow biofilm of soil bacteria from agricultural soil. It was possible to follow the succession in the early flow biofilm by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, and it was demonstrated that the majority of strains present in the biofilm were culturable. We isolated and identified nine strains, all associated with unique DGGE profiles, and related their intrinsic phenotypes regarding monospecies biofilm formation in microtiter plates and planktonic growth characteristics to the appearance of the strains in the flow biofilm. The ability of the strains to attach to and establish biofilm in microtiter plates was reflected in their flow biofilm appearance, whereas no such reflection of the planktonic growth characteristics in the flow biofilm appearance was observed. One strain-specific synergistic interaction, strongly promoting biofilm formation of two strains when cultured together in a dual-species biofilm, was observed, indicating that some strains promote biofilm formation of others. Thus, the biofilm flow model proved useful for investigations of how intrinsic phenotypic traits of individual species affect the succession in an early soil biofilm consortium.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Professor Michael Kühl (Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen) for the helpful discussions regarding the design of the flow biofilm model. Additionally, the authors are grateful to Karin Vestberg for the excellent technical assistance. The work was funded by a grant from the Danish Natural Science Council, Ref. 272-05-0325.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83H, 1307, Copenhagen K, Denmark

    Mette Burmølle, Lars H. Hansen & Søren J. Sørensen

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  1. Mette Burmølle
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  2. Lars H. Hansen
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  3. Søren J. Sørensen
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Correspondence to Søren J. Sørensen.

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Burmølle, M., Hansen, L.H. & Sørensen, S.J. Establishment and Early Succession of a Multispecies Biofilm Composed of Soil Bacteria. Microb Ecol 54, 352–362 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9222-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9222-5

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