Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

CT dose and risk estimates in children

  • ALARA-CT
  • Published:
Pediatric Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pediatric CT radiation dose and risk assessment are important but challenging, especially given inherent uncertainties. It is still necessary for those involved in medical imaging of children to have an understanding of the extent of existing knowledge for dose assessment and risk, as well as ongoing work at improvements.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Martin CJ (2007) Effective dose: how should it be applied to medical exposures? Brit J Radiol 80:639–647

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Mettler FA, Huda W, Yoshizumi TT et al (2008) Effective doses in radiology and diagnostic nuclear medicine: a catalog. Radiology 248(1):254–256

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Strauss KJ, Goske MJ, Kaste SC et al (2010) Image Gently: ten steps you can take to optimize image quality and lower CT dose for pediatric patients. AJR 194:868–873

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hampton T (2010) Radiation oncology organization, FDA announce radiation safety initiatives. JAMA 303(13):1239–1240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Thomas K, Wang B (2008) Age-specific effective doses for pediatric MSCT examinations at a large children’s hospital using DLP conversion coefficients: a simple estimation method. Pediatr Radiol 38:645–656

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Muhogora WE, Ahmed NA, Alsuwaidi JS et al (2010) Paediatric CT examinations in 19 developing countries: frequency and radiation dose. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 140(1):49–58

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Computed tomography dose check (2010) NEMA Standards Publication XR 25-2010. pp 1–15

  8. Schauer DA, Linton OW (2009) NCRP Report No. 160. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States, medical exposure -- are we doing less with more, and is there a role for health physicists? Health Phys 1(97):1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fazel R, Krumholz HM, Wang Y et al (2009) Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation from medical imaging procedures. N Eng J Med 361(9):849–857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dorfman AL, Einstein AJ, Applegate KE et al (2011) Use of medical imaging procedures with ionizing radiation in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med (Epub ahead of print)

  11. Smith-Bindman R, Marcus R, Kim K et al (2009) Radiation dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable risk of cancer. Arch Intern Med 169(22):2078–2086

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Berrington de Gonzalez A, Mahesh M, Kim KP et al (2009) Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007. Arch Intern Med 169(22):2071–2077

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Frush DP, Applegate K (2004) Computed tomography and radiation: understanding the issues. J Am Coll Radiol 1:113–119

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Brenner DJ (2002) Estimating cancer risks from pediatric CT: going from the qualitative to the quantitative. Pediatr Radiol 32:228–231

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Brenner DJ, Elliston CD, Hall EJ et al (2001) Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT. AJR 176:289–296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Brenner DJ, Doll R, Goodhead DT et al (2003) Cancer risks attributable to low doses of ionizing radiation: assessing what we really know. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 100(24):13761–13766

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hricak H, Brenner DJ, Adelstein SJ et al (2010) Managing radiation use in medical imaging: a multifaceted challenge. Radiology 258(3):889–905

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Chodick G, Ronckers CM, Shalev V et al (2007) Excess lifetime cancer mortality risk attributable to radiation exposure from computed tomography examinations in children. Isr Med Assoc J 9:584–587

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bartley K, Metayer C, Selvin S et al (2010) Diagnostic X-rays and risk of childhood leukaemia. Int J Epidemiol 39(6):1628–1637

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Smith-Bindman R (2010) Is computed tomography safe? N Engl J Med 363(1):1–4

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lauer MS (2009) Elements of danger – the case of medical imaging. N Engl J Med 361(9):841–843

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bogdanich W, McGinty JC (2010) Radiation worries for children in dentists’ chairs. Available via http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/23/us/23scan.html?_r=1&pagewanted=allNY. Accessed 23 March 2011

  23. Bogdanich W (2009) Radiation overdoses point up dangers of CT scans. Available via http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/16/us/16radiation.html. Accessed 23 March 2011

  24. Hall EJ (2009) Radiation biology for pediatric radiologists. Pediatr Radiol 39:S57–S64

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Linet MS, Kim KP, Rajaraman P (2009) Children’s exposure to diagnostic medical radiation and cancer risk: epidemiologic and dosimetric considerations. Pediatr Radiol 39:S4–S26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Little F (1999) Scientific publication No. 149: epidemiology of childhood cancer. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France, pp 132-147

  27. Goske MJ, Applegate KE, Frush DP et al (2008) The Image Gently campaign: working together to change practice. AJR 190(2):273–274

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rehani M, Frush DP (2010) Tracking radiation exposure of patients. Lancet 376:754–755

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Brink JA, Amis ES (2010) Image Wisely: a campaign to increase awareness about adult radiation protection. Radiology 257(3):601–602

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Li X, Segars P, Frush DP (2010) Patient-specific radiation dose and cancer risk estimation in CT: part I. Development and validation of a Monte Carlo program. Med Phys 398(1):397–407

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Disclaimer

The supplement this article is part of is not sponsored by the industry. Dr. Frush does not discuss commercial products/services and discloses that he is a research investigator for Duke University and GE Healthcare and family members hold stock in GE Healthcare.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donald P. Frush.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Frush, D.P. CT dose and risk estimates in children. Pediatr Radiol 41 (Suppl 2), 483 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-011-2098-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-011-2098-z

Keywords

Navigation