Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index to Assess Central Venous Pressure in Perioperative Period Following Cardiac Surgery in Children

Abstract

The inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) is an ultrasound method used to assess central venous pressure (CVP). Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between IVCCI and CVP in children during the early period following surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD). Prospective study performed in a single tertiary care center. Patients  ≤ 18 years old, who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for CHD, were enrolled. Ultrasound images of the inferior vena cava (IVC) were obtained at two time points; the first was within 2 h of arrival to the CICU and the second was 12–18 h from the first measurement. CVP measured by catheter placed during surgery was recorded within minutes of performing ultrasound. Maximum and minimum IVC diameters were measured by 2D images and M mode method. Seventy patients (47.1% males), with median age 7 months (IQR 4–47 months) and weight 6.9 kg (IQR 4.8–13.5 kg), were evaluated. The 2D IVCCI had inverse correlation with CVP in patients breathing spontaneously; r =  − 0.76 (p < 0.01) and r =  − 0.73 (p < 0.01), during the first and second measurements, respectively. The 2D IVCCI ≤ 0.24 had sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 94%, 79%, and 88.9% , respectively, to detect CVP ≥ 10 mmHg. No correlation was found between IVCCI and CVP during positive pressure ventilation. There is a significant inverse correlation between 2D IVCCI and CVP in spontaneously breathing children after surgery for CHD. Use of 2D IVCCI for monitoring CVP could reduce the frequency and duration of CVP catheters and their inherent complications.