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Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of 406 Genes Identified Genetic Defects Underlying Congenital Heart Disease in Down Syndrome Patients

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Abstract

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common autosomal chromosome anomaly. DS is frequently associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). Patients with DS have 40–60% chance of having CHD. It means that CHD in DS is not only due to trisomy 21 and there are some other genetic factors underlying CHD in DS children. In this study, a total of 240 DNA samples from patients were analyzed including 100 patients with CHD only, 110 patients having CHD along with DS and 30 patients with isolated DS. A cardiovascular gene panel consisting of probes for 406 genes was used to screen DNA samples of all 240 patients for mutation identification. All variants were annotated and common variants were obtained. Briefly, 28 common variants (variants common in two or more than two individuals) were obtained in a group of samples containing DNA from DS patients having CHD as well, 63 variants were found to be unique to DS group of samples and 73 variants have been identified in patients with CHD only. In order to identify genomic variations determining the risk for CHD in DS, only those variants present in DS-CHD group and absent in isolated CHD and/or isolated DS group were considered for further analysis. Variants specific to DS-CHD group were further evaluated based on expression and function data and pathogenicity of the variant of interest. We have implicated mutations in GATA3, KCNH2, ENG, FLNA, and GUSB genes as an underlying risk factor for CHD in DS patients.

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Funding

This study was funded by King Abdul Aziz City for Science and Technology (Grant No. AT-34-369).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatrics Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Khalid M. Alharbi, Abdelhadi H. Al-Mazroea & S. Justin Carlus

  2. West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

    Atiyeh M. Abdallah

  3. Security Forces Medical Centre, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Yousef Almohammadi

  4. Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Sulman Basit

Authors
  1. Khalid M. Alharbi
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  2. Abdelhadi H. Al-Mazroea
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  3. Atiyeh M. Abdallah
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  4. Yousef Almohammadi
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  5. S. Justin Carlus
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  6. Sulman Basit
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sulman Basit.

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Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Taibah University ethical research committee, ethical review board of Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consents were obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Alharbi, K.M., Al-Mazroea, A.H., Abdallah, A.M. et al. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of 406 Genes Identified Genetic Defects Underlying Congenital Heart Disease in Down Syndrome Patients. Pediatr Cardiol 39, 1676–1680 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-018-1951-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-018-1951-3

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