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Dexmedetomidine is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Bradycardia in Patients with Trisomy 21 After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate adverse cardiac events using dexmedetomidine in infants with trisomy 21 and those without (controls) and examined potential risk factors in infants after cardiovascular surgery. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study. The medical records of 124 consecutive infants who had undergone cardiovascular surgery between April 1, 2013, and October 31, 2015, were enrolled. Clinical characteristics, usage of dexmedetomidine, and perioperative medications were analyzed. Adverse cardiac events were assessed with the Naranjo score and World Health Organization-The Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) criteria. In total, 124 consecutive infants (30 patients and 94 controls) met the inclusion criteria. Eight of 30 (26.7 %) patients with trisomy 21 and 12 of 94 (12.8 %) controls experienced adverse cardiac events (i.e., hypotension, transient hypertension, and bradycardia) during dexmedetomidine with median Naranjo score of 6, and causality categories of WHO-UMC criteria were “certain” or “probable.” Of those, the incidence of bradycardia occurred at a higher rate in patients with trisomy 21 than in controls (P = 0.011). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of trisomy 21 was an independent risk factor for adverse cardiac events of dexmedetomidine after cardiovascular surgery (odds ratio 4.10, 95 % CI 1.17–11.19, P = 0.006). Dexmedetomidine is associated with an increased incidence of bradycardia in patients with trisomy 21 after surgery for congenital heart disease. Physicians using dexmedetomidine should know a great deal about the characteristics of patients with trisomy 21, and hemodynamic monitoring should be closely observed.

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Abbreviations

DEX:

Dexmedetomidine

SBS:

State Behavioral Scale

IQR:

Interquartile ranges

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Acknowledgments

We appreciate our patients and their parents for their commitment to this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan

    Kentaro Ueno, Yumiko Ninomiya, Naohiro Shiokawa, Daisuke Hazeki, Taisuke Eguchi & Yoshifumi Kawano

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  1. Kentaro Ueno
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  2. Yumiko Ninomiya
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  3. Naohiro Shiokawa
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  4. Daisuke Hazeki
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  5. Taisuke Eguchi
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  6. Yoshifumi Kawano
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Correspondence to Kentaro Ueno.

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The authors declare no conflicts or financial interests in any product or service mentioned in the manuscripts, including grants, equipment, medications, employment, gifts, and honoraria.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with ethics standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. For this type of study, format consent is not required.

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Ueno, K., Ninomiya, Y., Shiokawa, N. et al. Dexmedetomidine is Associated with an Increased Incidence of Bradycardia in Patients with Trisomy 21 After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 37, 1228–1234 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-016-1421-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-016-1421-8

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