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Parental Occupational Exposures to Endocrine Disruptors and the Risk of Simple Isolated Congenital Heart Defects

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Abstract

This study aims to explore the associations between parental occupational exposures to endocrine disruptors (EDs) and simple isolated congenital heart defects (CHDs). A case–control study with standardized data collection involving 761 children with isolated CHDs and 609 children without any congenital malformations was conducted in Sichuan Province of China from March in 2012 to August in 2013. An adjusted job exposure matrix was used for occupational EDs exposure assessment. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between parental occupational EDs exposures and CHDs. Maternal age at births, maternal education level, gravity, parity, induced abortion, folic acid use, medication use, drinking capacity and area of residence periconceptionally were selected as confounding factors for mothers. For fathers, we selected the following confounding factors: paternal education level, smoking, drinking frequencies and drinking capacity periconceptionally. Maternal occupational exposures to phthalates are associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defect (PmVSD) (P = 0.001, adjusted OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.7–8.0), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (P = 0.002, adjusted OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.6–8.9), secundum atrial septal defect (s-ASD) (P = 0.008, adjusted OR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.4–8.7) and pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) (P = 0.035, adjusted OR 4.2, 95 % CI 1.1–16.0), to alkylphenolic compounds and PmVSD (P = 0.003, adjusted OR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.3–3.6), PDA (P = 0.005, adjusted OR 2.0, 95 % CI 1.1–3.5) and PS (P = 0.004, adjusted OR 3.8, 95 % CI 1.5–9.4), to heavy metals with PmVSD (P = 0.003, adjusted OR 7.3, 95 % CI 2.0–27.6) and s-ASD (P = 0.034, adjusted OR 6.5, 95 % CI 1.1–36.7). Paternal occupational exposures to phthalates are associated with PmVSD (P = 0.035, adjusted OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.0–2.4) and PS (P = 0.026, adjusted OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.1–5.2), to alkylphenolic compounds (P = 0.027, adjusted OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.0–2.2) with PmVSD. In conclusion, parental occupational exposures to some specific EDs, in particular phthalates and alkylphenolic compounds, are associated with an increased risk of some CHD phenotypes. However, the findings need to be considered more circumspectly regarding a crude measure of exposure probabilities and small numbers.

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Acknowledgments

The present study was supported by the National Science Fund of China (Grant Nos. 81270226 and 81070136).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Chuan Wang, Yalan Zhan, Fang Wang, Huaying Li, Yifei Li, Hong Zheng, Kaiyu Zhou & Yimin Hua

  2. The Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Research Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Liang Xie & Yimin Hua

  3. Department of Pediatric, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Chuan Wang, Yalan Zhan, Fang Wang, Huaying Li, Yifei Li, Dezhi Mu, Hong Zheng, Kaiyu Zhou & Yimin Hua

  4. West China Medical School of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Chuan Wang, Yalan Zhan & Yifei Li

  5. Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Liang Xie, Dezhi Mu, Kaiyu Zhou & Yimin Hua

  6. Department of Pediatric, Luzhou Medical College Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, China

    Bin Liu

  7. Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, RenminNanLu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Kaiyu Zhou & Yimin Hua

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  1. Chuan Wang
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  2. Yalan Zhan
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Wang, C., Zhan, Y., Wang, F. et al. Parental Occupational Exposures to Endocrine Disruptors and the Risk of Simple Isolated Congenital Heart Defects. Pediatr Cardiol 36, 1024–1037 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-015-1116-6

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