References
Breitbart RE, Fyler DC (2006) Tetralogy of Fallot. In: Keane JF, Lock JE, Fyler DC (eds) Nadas’ pediatric cardiology 2006. Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 559–579
Foran RB, Belcourt C, Nanton MA, Murphy DA, Weinberg AG, Liebman J, Castaneda AR, Van Praagh R (1988) Isolated infundibuloarterial inversion [S, D, I]: a newly recognized form of congenital heart disease. Am Heart J 116:1337–1350
Lee ML, Chiu IS, Fang W, Chen SJ, Wang YM, Chaou WT (1999) Isolated infundibuloarterial inversion and fifth aortic arch in an infant: a newly recognized cardiovascular phenotypes with chromosome 22q11 deletion. Int J Cardiol 71:89–91
Liske MR, Kavanaugh-McHugh AL, Parra DA (2006) Isolated infundibuloarterial inversion. Pediatr Cardiol 27:289–292
Restivo AG, Piacentini G, Placidi S, Saffirio C, Marino B (2006) Cardiac outflow tract: a review of some embryogenetic aspects of the conotruncal region of the heart. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 288:936–943
Santini F, Jonas RA, Sanders SP, Van Praagh R (1995) Tetralogy of Fallot [S, D, I]: successful repair without a conduit. Ann Thorac Surg 59:747–749
Van Praagh R (1985) Cardiac embryology: the conotruncus. Heart Vessels 1:193–194
Van Praagh R, Van Praagh S, Nebesar RA, Muster AJ, Sinha SN, Paul MH (1970) Tetralogy of Fallot: underdevelopment of the pulmonary infundibulum and its sequelae. Am J Cardiol 26:25–33
Acknowledgments
We express our gratitude and appreciation for the correspondence of Dr. Richard Van Praagh, who shared his knowledge of cardiac development and cardiac segment chirality as well as his insights into infundibuloarterial malalignment during the preparation of this report.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frank, L.H., Susheel Kumar, T.K., Jonas, R.A. et al. Tetralogy of Fallot With Inverted Great Arteries {S, D, I}: Case Report, Literature Review, and Discussion of Embryology. Pediatr Cardiol 33, 150–154 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-011-0071-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-011-0071-0