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Elemental Concentrations in Roadside Dust Along Two National Highways in Northern Vietnam and the Health-Risk Implication

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Abstract

There is a need to assess the risk of exposure to metals via roadside dust in Vietnam where many people live along the road/highways and are constantly exposed to roadside dust. In this study, we collected dust samples at 55 locations along two major Highways in north-east Vietnam, which passed through different land use areas. Samples were sieved into three different particle sizes and analyzed for concentrations of eight metals using a X-ray fluorescence instrument. The concentrations and environmental indices (EF, I geo) of metals were used to evaluate the degree of pollution in the samples. Among different land uses, industrial areas could be highly polluted with heavy metals in roadside dust, followed by commerce and power plants. Additionally, the traffic density probably played an important role; higher concentrations were observed in samples from Highway No. 5 where traffic is several times higher than Highway No. 18. According to the risk assessment, Cr poses the highest noncarcinogenic risk even though the health hazard index values of assessed heavy metals in this study were within the acceptable range. Our assessment also found that the risk of exposure to heavy metals through roadside dust is much higher for children than for adults.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr. Thai Khanh Phu for assistance and Ms. Nguyen Thuy Chung from Hanoi University of Science and Technology for valuable suggestions. This research was funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant No. “105.08-2013.18.” Phong K. Thai was funded by the Queensland University of Technology Vice Chancellor Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Transport and Communications, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thai Ha Phi & Doan Danh Cuong

  2. Faculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Pham Minh Chinh

  3. Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Luong Thi Mai Ly

  4. Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Global Society, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan

    Nguyen Van Thinh

  5. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia

    Phong K. Thai

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  1. Thai Ha Phi
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  2. Pham Minh Chinh
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  3. Doan Danh Cuong
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  4. Luong Thi Mai Ly
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  5. Nguyen Van Thinh
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  6. Phong K. Thai
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Correspondence to Phong K. Thai.

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Phi, T.H., Chinh, P.M., Cuong, D.D. et al. Elemental Concentrations in Roadside Dust Along Two National Highways in Northern Vietnam and the Health-Risk Implication. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 74, 46–55 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0477-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-017-0477-7

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