Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Isolated from Confectionery Products on the Metabolic Stress Pathway in Human Lung Fibroblast Cells

  • Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
  • Jegan Athinarayanan
  • Ahmed M. Al-Hadi
  • Fahad Al Juhaimi
  • Ali A. Alshatwi
Article
First Online:
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Accepted:

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a common additive in many foods, pigments, personal care products, and other consumer products used in daily life. Despite the widespread use of nanoscale TiO2 and composites of nanoscale TiO2 in the food industry, there is a serious lack of awareness of the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) among consumers and manufacturers. There is an urgent need for toxicological studies of TiO2 NPs. TiO2 food additives separated from marketed foods were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the effects of TiO2 NPs on metabolic stress in WI-38 cells were analyzed. Cell viability, total ROS, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔψM), cell cycle, and metabolism-related gene expression were analyzed. The results indicate that TiO2 NPs have a significant concentration-dependent toxic effect in lung cells. The ΔψM, the intracellular ROS level, and the stages of the WI-38 cell cycle were altered by increasing TiO2 concentrations after exposure for 24 and 48 h relative to the control. Cytochrome P450 1A, GSTM3, and glutathione S-transferase A4 upregulation in response to the TiO2 NPs was observed. These findings suggest that the toxicity of TiO2 from confectionery products in WI-38 cells may be mediated through an increase in oxidative stress. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the nanotoxicological effects of TiO2 on WI-38 cells and will be useful for nanotoxicological indexing.

Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (NSTIP) strategic technologies Program No. BIO-981-10 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Conflict of interest

None.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
    • 1
  • Jegan Athinarayanan
    • 1
  • Ahmed M. Al-Hadi
    • 1
  • Fahad Al Juhaimi
    • 1
  • Ali A. Alshatwi
    • 1
  1. 1.Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and AgricultureKing Saud UniversityRiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia

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