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Arsenic and Fluoride Variations in Groundwater of an Endorheic Basin Undergoing Land-Use Changes

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Abstract

The salt content of soil and water in endorheic basins within arid areas greatly restrict agricultural activities. Despite this limitation, these lands are increasingly used to accommodate new settlements and/or agricultural practices. This study focuses on the Laguna El Cuervo closed basin of northern Mexico and its underlying aquifer, which has been found to contain high concentrations of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F). The spatial distribution of As and F, their variations with time, and the impact of drought conditions and land-use changes were investigated using well data collected from a total of 27 wells in 2007, 2010, and 2011 (As data also collected in 2005). Four of these wells were used as monitoring wells. Data also included the As content of 140 surface sediments. Results showed that 54.5 % of the wells surpassed the As limit for drinking water of 0.025 mg L−1 and that 89.0 % surpassed he F limit of 1.5 mg L−1. Spatial analyses identified the areas in the center of the basin with the highest content of contaminants. Principal component and correlation analyses showed a co-occurrence of As and F with r = 0.55 for the 2011 data and 0.59 for the combined data. In contrast, the relationship of As and F concentrations to droughts and changes in land use were not as clearly shown, possibly because of the short time this area has been monitored. The high As and F concentrations in the groundwater may be limiting the availability of water within this basin, especially considering the greater groundwater demand foreseen for the future. Water-conservation practices, such as drip irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge, should be considered to maintain groundwater levels supportive of agricultural practices.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was provided by Instituto de Ecología A.C., Centro de Investigación y Materiales Avanzados, and Missouri State University. We are indebted to Héctor Díaz and Mario Gómez for their help in collecting the samples and to I.Q. Alejandro Benavides for conducting the chemical analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad–Chihuahua, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31109, Chihuahua, CHIH., Mexico

    Víctor M. Reyes-Gómez & Daniel Núñez López

  2. Centro de Investigaciones y Materiales Avanzados, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, 31109, Chihuahua, CHIH., Mexico

    María Teresa Alarcón-Herrera

  3. Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA

    Mélida Gutiérrez

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  1. Víctor M. Reyes-Gómez
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  2. María Teresa Alarcón-Herrera
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  3. Mélida Gutiérrez
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  4. Daniel Núñez López
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Correspondence to Mélida Gutiérrez.

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Reyes-Gómez, V.M., Alarcón-Herrera, M.T., Gutiérrez, M. et al. Arsenic and Fluoride Variations in Groundwater of an Endorheic Basin Undergoing Land-Use Changes. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 68, 292–304 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0082-y

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