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A Survey of Alkylphenols, Bisphenols, and Triclosan in Personal Care Products from China and the United States

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology volume 67, pages 50–59 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Exposure of humans to environmental phenolic compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and alkylphenols is a matter of concern, due to these compounds’ ubiquitous occurrence and estrogenic potencies. Little is known about the levels of environmental phenolics in personal care products (PCPs). In this study, nonylphenol, two octylphenols, eight bisphenols (BPA and its analogs), and triclosan (TCS) were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in PCP samples (n = 231) collected from China and the United States (U.S.). The concentrations of 4-n-nonylphenol (4-NP), 4-n-octylphenol (4-OP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and TCS were in the ranges of <0.5–39,100 [geometric mean (GM): 21.5], <0.5–315 (0.680), <1.0–10,100 (2.69), and <0.5–53,900 (3.03) ng/g, respectively. The GM concentrations of individual bisphenols, including BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF), were generally at sub-nanogram per gram levels. No significant differences in concentrations of the target compounds were found among various PCP categories or between China and the U.S. The estimated GM daily intakes of 4-NP, ∑OPs (sum of 4-OP and 4-t-OP), ∑BPs (sum of eight bisphenols), and TCS through dermal absorption from the use of PCPs were 0.932, 0.093, 0.072, and 0.016 μg/day, respectively, for adult Chinese women and 0.340, 0.054, 0.120, and 0.068 μg/day, respectively, for adult U.S. women. Body lotions, face creams, and liquid foundations accounted for the majority (>85 %) of the dermal exposure doses of the target phenolics.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by a Grant (1U38EH000464-01) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA) to Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC. We thank Prof. Shushen Liu (Tongji University), and Drs. Kegang Zhang (Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS), Zhenhua Wang (Shandong Analysis and Test Center), and Zongyan Cui (Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau) for help with the collection of samples in China.

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Affiliations

  1. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY, 12201-0509, USA

    Chunyang Liao & Kurunthachalam Kannan

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Kurunthachalam Kannan

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  1. Chunyang Liao
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  2. Kurunthachalam Kannan
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Correspondence to Kurunthachalam Kannan.

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Liao, C., Kannan, K. A Survey of Alkylphenols, Bisphenols, and Triclosan in Personal Care Products from China and the United States. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 67, 50–59 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0016-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-014-0016-8

Keywords

  • Bisphenols
  • Geometric Mean
  • Triclosan
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Perfluorooctane Sulfonate