Abstract
Contaminant uptake by algae, and its subsequent toxicity, has important ramifications for aquatic biomonitoring and environmental risk assessment. To study the effects of cadmium on diatom mats, a series of experiments was undertaken. These investigated the sensitivity of Navicula pelliculosa mats to cadmium, uptake of cadmium across a range of exposure concentrations, influence of mat biomass and thickness on uptake, and cadmium uptake by mats over time. Diatom mat formation proved to be sensitive to cadmium exposure, with a 96-h EC50 of 31 μg/L. The rapid uptake of cadmium over 15 min was a linear function of exposure concentration and was not significantly affected by mat thickness. Cadmium uptake over time was also a linear function of exposure concentration for time periods up to 5 h. Linear uptake was likely due to the availability of algal binding sites as cadmium ions diffused through the diatom mats. Internal high-pH microenvironments may also have influenced uptake, through cadmium precipitation or enhanced adsorption within the mats. The lack of a significant relationship between mat biomass and uptake could be explained by the static water exposure conditions. Other studies have shown that cadmium uptake by algal mats was only significantly affected by biomass under flowing water conditions. Flowing water appeared to facilitate the diffusion of cadmium ions through the algal mats. Our research demonstrates the propensity of diatom mats to adsorb cadmium to achieve concentrations that could inhibit macroinvertebrate grazing. Overall, these findings contribute to a greater understanding of cadmium bioavailability in aquatic ecosystems and to the further development of benthic algae as an effective biomonitoring tool.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the United Kingdom Natural Environmental Research Council (CASE studentship to E.C.I.), an Individual Operating Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to J.M.C., and the National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada. Technical assistance was provided by Katarzyna Feikiel-Saric, Ken Supeene, Norma Ruecker, and Shalon Barry.
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Irving, E.C., Baird, D.J. & Culp, J.M. Cadmium Toxicity and Uptake by Mats of the Freshwater Diatom: Navicula pelliculosa (Bréb) Hilse. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 57, 524–530 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9299-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9299-6