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Sequential Extractions and Isotope Analysis for Discriminating the Chemical Forms and Origins of Pb in Sediment from Liaodong Bay, China

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Abstract

Sequential extraction integrated with isotope analysis was carried out on a sediment core from Liaodong Bay, northeast China, for characterizing Pb in various extraction phases and its possible sources. Results show that in all extracted fractions Pb concentrations increased abruptly in the top part of the sediments that deposited after 1980, but remained lower and rather constant before 1980. Consistent with the variation pattern of Pb concentration, the 206Pb/207Pb ratio displays a dramatic decrease around 1980. These findings strongly suggest serious Pb pollution since then. The Pb concentration and the isotopic ratios of 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb in the residual fraction show rather small changes through the entire core, and are similar to those of uncontaminated Chinese loess, possibly representing the characteristics of the regional geogenic background. The isotopic ratios of the sediments before 1980 varied in different extracted fractions with a linear pattern, from the residual at the highest toward the average signature of automobile exhausts and Pb-Zn deposits, implying a prominent two-end member mixing style of the Pb origin; one is the regional geologic background and the other is anthropogenic sources. The difference in isotopic ratios between the extractions might be indicative of varied proportions of the two sources. For sediments after 1980, however, the isotope ratios in nonresidual fractions are all relatively low and show little differentiation, which may suggest that polluted Pb dominates all the extracted fractions for the top part of the core.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Professor Zhaohui Wu for help with elemental and isotopic analysis. The critical review and constructive comments of Editor D. R. Doerge and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated; they led to substantial improvement of the paper. This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation (40672118).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Bing Xu, Zhaoyan Gu, Jingtai Han, Yongfu Chen & Yanwu Lu

  2. Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Yanhui Zhang

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  1. Bing Xu
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Correspondence to Bing Xu.

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Xu, B., Gu, Z., Han, J. et al. Sequential Extractions and Isotope Analysis for Discriminating the Chemical Forms and Origins of Pb in Sediment from Liaodong Bay, China. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 57, 230–238 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9268-5

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