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Lincomycin and Spectinomycin Concentrations in Liquid Swine Manure and Their Persistence During Simulated Manure Storage

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Abstract

Antimicrobials administered to livestock can be excreted up to 75% in the feces and urine. Liquid swine manure from confined animal feeding operations is generally retained in lagoon storage until it is applied as a nutrient source to crop and pasture land. Thus, the applied manure becomes a possible source of antimicrobials to aquatic ecosystems. In the prairie region of Canada, lincomycin and spectinomycin are two antimicrobials that are frequently administered to pigs for prevention of post-weaning diarrhea. In order to assess the potential for contamination of prairie wetlands, concentrations of both antimicrobials were monitored in liquid manure from a commercial-scale barn during a 5-week study, and their persistence during simulated manure storage was investigated. LC-MS/MS analysis of manure extracts showed that concentrations of lincomycin and spectinomycin in the accumulating liquid manure at the end of the study were equivalent to 32 and 3%, respectively, of the doses administered to weanling pigs in their feed. In a laboratory study in which lagoon storage was simulated at room temperature using fortified liquid manure, concentrations of both antimicrobials showed a rapid initial decrease during the first 6 days, followed by a much slower dissipation, over a period of 5 months. Such persistence indicates that lincomycin and spectinomycin may be present in lagoon manure when applied as an amendment to agricultural land since many lagoons are emptied every 6 months (early spring and late fall).

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Abbreviations

LC:

Liquid chromatography

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

nd:

Not detected

SE:

Standard error

SPE:

Solid-phase extraction

PLE:

Pressurized liquid extraction

HLB:

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

WCX:

Weak cation exchange

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Kerry Peru for LC-MS/MS analysis of manure sample extracts; Jonathan Bailey for laboratory technical assistance; Prairie Swine Centre Incorporated barn personnel for information on antimicrobial use, calibration of the manure pits, provision of control samples of manure, and collection of nursery manure samples; and Charles Rhodes, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, for helpful comments on the manuscript. The study was funded, in part, by the Saskatchewan Agriculture Development Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

    Sandra L. Kuchta

  2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2

    Allan J. Cessna

  3. National Hydrology Research Centre, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 3H5

    Allan J. Cessna

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  1. Sandra L. Kuchta
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  2. Allan J. Cessna
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Correspondence to Allan J. Cessna.

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Kuchta, S.L., Cessna, A.J. Lincomycin and Spectinomycin Concentrations in Liquid Swine Manure and Their Persistence During Simulated Manure Storage. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 57, 1–10 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9229-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9229-z

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